Comparison of Winter‐ and Spring‐Type Safflower¹

Abstract

Winter and spring types of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were compared in three tests. Two separate tests, one of 26 winter‐type lines and the other of 25 winter‐type lines, each compared winter types with five spring‐type cultivars developed in Iran. Both tests were sown in the fall and in the spring in the 1973–74 season. A third test, which included selected materials from the first two tests, was sown in October, April, and May of the 1974–75 season. A two‐replicate split‐plot design was used for each test, with planting dates the main plots, and lines and cultivars as subplots.The tests showed that, on the average, winter types survived better and yielded more seed and oil than did spring types in fall plantings during 1973–74, when the minimum temperature recorded during the growing season was –14.4C, but in 1974–75, when the minimum temperature recorded during the growing season was –7.6C, yield and survival were similar. Winter types flowered about the same time as spring types when both were sown in the fall, but were about 3 weeks later than spring types when sown in the spring; winter types were taller than spring types; yields of seed/ha were higher for whiter types than for spring types in fall plantings in 1973–74, but not in 1974–75; and winter types were distinctly inferior to spring types in spring plantings. Fall‐planted winter type safflower yielded more than spring‐planted safflower and exceeded fall‐planted, spring‐type safflower in yield during the cold (–14.4 C) winter.

Autumn growth and its relationship to winter survival in diverse safflower germplasm

“…Compared with normal spring-planted types, genotypes with a prolonged rosette period usually have increased cold tolerance and are considered winter types. Yazdi-Samadi and Zali (1979) found at a minium temperature of -4.4°C, autumn-planted winter types survived better and yielded more than spring types. Genetic variation in cold tolerance is needed for developing winter or autumn-planted safflower.…”

“…However, any cold tolerance they possess was insufficient for the winter conditions observed in the current study. Winter types of safflower, which have the capability to withstand temperatures substantially lower than can spring types, have a longer rosette period (Ghanavati and Knowles 1977;Yazdi-Samadi and Zali 1979). Passport data from the Germplasm Resources Information System (GRIN) state that KN-144 is a winter type from Iran (Table 1).…”

“…In many areas worldwide, winter-hardy safflower would provide important management alternatives for farmers (Ghanavati and Knowles 1977;Yazdi-Samadi and Zali 1979). Autumn sowing of safflower would enable autumn and early spring plant development potentially increasing seed yield compared with spring sowing (Munoz 1986).…”

“…Autumn sowing of safflower would enable autumn and early spring plant development potentially increasing seed yield compared with spring sowing (Munoz 1986). Early crop development of winter safflower would occur when temperatures are lower and moisture more plentiful than for spring sown safflower (Yazdi-Samadi and Zali 1979). Safflower, as a dicot, is potentially an excellent rotation crop with winter annual monocots such as wheat in semiarid regions (Zimmerman and Buck 1977).…”

Samsun Ekolojik Koşullarında Bazı Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Hatlarının Çiçeklenme Periyodunun Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

“…Aspir özellikle soğuğa ve sıcağa olan yüksek toleransı sayesinde kuru tarım alanlarında, tuzluluğa toleransı ve yabancı ot rekabetinden dolayı da sulu tarım alanlarında diğer kültür bitkilerine göre daha fazla avantaja sahip bir kültür bitkisidir (Yazdi-Samadi and Zali 1979;Beg 1993;Kaya ve ark. 2003).…”