Comparison of wind farm topologies for offshore applications

Bahirat, Himanshu J.; Mork, B.A.; Høidalen, Hans Kristian

doi:10.1109/pesgm.2012.6344689

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The optimization of OWFES concerns mainly three aspects: the combinational selection of electrical equipment regarding voltage level and type, the cable connection layout as well as the number and location of offshore substations (OS). In, the optimization electrical equipment selection regarding voltage level and type for offshore wind farm was studied. An optimization platform for OWFES design was proposed in, which used main components of wind farm and key technical specifications as input parameters and the enhanced electrical system layout is decided by comparing the total cost of different electrical components' composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall Optimization for Offshore Wind Farm Electrical System

Hou

Chen

et al. 2016

Wind Energy

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Based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), an optimization platform for offshore wind farm electrical system (OWFES) is proposed in this paper, where the main components of an offshore wind farm and key technical constraints are considered as input parameters. The offshore wind farm electrical system is optimized in accordance with initial investment by considering three aspects: the number and siting of offshore substations (OS), the cable connection layout of both collection system (CS) and transmission system (TS) as well as the selection of electrical components in terms of voltage level and capacity. Because hundreds of optimization variables, continuous or discrete, are involved in the problem, a mix integer PSO (MIPSO) is required to obtain the solution. The fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm is used to partition the wind farm into several sub regions. The collection system layout in each sub region as well as the connection scheme between offshore substations are optimized by an adaptive PSO-minimum spanning tree algorithm (APSO-MST) which has been proposed in a previous work. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization platform can find an optimized layout that save 3.01% total cost compared with the industrial layout, and can be a useful tool for OWFES design and evaluation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall Optimization for Offshore Wind Farm Electrical System

Hou

Chen

et al. 2016

Wind Energy

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“…The cost and losses of the offshore wind farms based on centralized power electronic converters [10] were compared for AC and DC configurations. In the AC and DC collection comparative study [11], DC series and DC series-parallel collection systems were identified as cost effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of collection systems for HVDC connected offshore wind farms

Lakshmanan

Liang

Jenkins

2015

Electric Power Systems Research

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a b s t r a c tA technical and economic comparison is made between DC and AC collection systems of offshore wind farms. DC collection systems have the advantages of reduced weight and size of the DC cables and DC cables are free from reactive power compensation. The heavy 50/60 Hz transformers in the offshore transmission platform of AC collection systems can be replaced with smaller size medium frequency transformers in DC collection systems. However, the need for a high power DC-DC converter with high voltage transformation ratios and DC protection methods will remain a challenge for the DC collection systems. Also, DC collection systems do not necessarily reduce the power conversion stages compared to the AC collection systems even if HVDC (High Voltage DC) transmission is used to transfer the offshore wind power from the collection systems to the onshore grids. A cost assessment study verifies that the cost reductions achieved by the reduced size of the DC cables and offshore platform are outweighed by the cost of DC protective devices and DC-DC converters. This is because the length of the DC collection cables is relatively short compared to the long distance HVDC cables. The technical comparison supported by the simulation results shows that the total losses in the DC collection systems are higher than in AC collection systems. The effect of collection bus voltages on the losses is analysed for the DC collection systems.

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“…To better integrate the HVDC technology to large offshore wind farm, advanced DC-DC power conversion concepts can be extended to the wind farm design [3][4][5][6][7], by which the different schemes of DC wind farm (DCWF) are thus proposed [8]. In the future DCWF, large-size power transformers can be replaced by power converters, and AC cables can be replaced by DC cables with lower losses and less materials [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved variable speed control of series‐connected DC wind turbines for offshore wind power collection to high‐voltage direct current system

Shi

Zhang

Cai

et al. 2016

IET Renewable Power Generation

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DC wind farm (DCWF) with series-connected DC wind turbines (DCWTs) is proved to be a potential solution of offshore wind power collection. The coupling behaviour of series-connected DCWTs is described in detail. Possible wind energy curtailment during the period of wind turbine voltage limitation and its key impact factors are firstly quantitatively derived. A novel variable speed control strategy is proposed under voltage limiting condition of the DCWT to improve its wind energy capture. This control algorithm can be implemented in the local DCWT controller without the communication need. The specific variable speed control strategy of the DCWT is realised in a generalised averaged model. Dynamic simulation cases under different operation conditions have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. It is found that the proposed control strategy might be a solution for wind energy curtailment, which will significantly improve the performance of the series-connected DCWTs between the time scale above seconds and below minutes.

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Comparison of wind farm topologies for offshore applications

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Overall Optimization for Offshore Wind Farm Electrical System

Overall Optimization for Offshore Wind Farm Electrical System

Assessment of collection systems for HVDC connected offshore wind farms

Improved variable speed control of series‐connected DC wind turbines for offshore wind power collection to high‐voltage direct current system

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