Comparison of Wild and Introduced Dracocephalum jacutense P.: Significant Differences of Multicomponent Composition

Abstract

Dracocephalum jacutense is endemic to eastern Siberia of Russia and is accepted in the rare and endangered category. The plant was first collected by K.S. Baikov in 1985 in the vicinity of the village Sangar (Kobyaysky district, Yakutia) and then described by G.A. Peshkova in “Flora of Siberia” in 1997. D. jacutense has been introduced in the Botanical Garden of Yakutia since 2009. The aim of this work is to conduct a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of aerial parts (leaf + aa stem) of D. jacutense Peschkova collected both in controlled conditions (the Botanical Garden of Yakutia) and in a natural-grown area (the vicinity of the village of Sangar, Kobyaysky district of Yakutia). A total of 156 bioactive compounds were successfully characterized in extracts of D. jacutense based on their accurate MS (Mass Spectrometry) fragment ions by searching online databases and the reported literature. The detailed study of the composition by tandem mass spectrometry revealed a significant difference in the polyphenol composition of the samples. Wild-grown plant samples had a higher number of polyphenolic compounds (92 compounds) than plant samples grown in the Botanical Garden (56 compounds), which were not previously described in the genus Dracocephalum. In addition, a total of 37 compounds of other chemical groups were identified that were not previously identified in the genus Dracocephalum. In general, the extract of D. jacutense, which was grown in wild conditions, was found to be a richer source of flavones, flavanols, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, and anthocyanidins compared to plants grown in controlled conditions in the Botanical Garden. Our results build on the current understanding of the biochemical richness of wild-grown samples over controlled-grown ones and preserve a rare and endangered D. jacutense in the flora of Yakutia. We proposed to be preserved on the basis of the development of an in vitro micropropagation protocol in our lab in the near future.

Dracocephalum jacutense Peschkova from Yakutia: Extraction and Mass Spectrometric Characterization of 128 Chemical Compounds

“…The flavones apigenin (compound 2), diosmetin (compound 7), and chrysoeriol (compound 8) have already been characterized as a component of D. palmatum [1], Dracocephalum [5,14], propolis [25], D. moldavica [27], Rhus coriaria [28], etc. The flavones diosmetin, and chrysoeriol were found in extracts from the leaves of D. jacutense, and the flavone apigenin was found in extracts of the flowers of D. jacutense.…”

“…The flavan-3-ols catechin (compound 46), (epi)catechin (compound 47), gallocatechin (compound 48), catechin-3-O-gallate (compound 49), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (compound 50) have already been characterized as a component of Dracocephalum [1,5,14], Sanguisorba officinalis [31], C. edulis [32], and Camellia kucha [33]. The flavan-3-ol catechin-3-O-gallate was found in extracts from leaves of D. jacutense.…”

“…To date, only a few cenopopulations of the plant have survived. The comparative analysis of the chemical composition of aerial parts of D. jacutense Peschkova collected both in controlled conditions (the Botanical Garden of Yakutia) and in a natural-growth area (the vicinity of the village of Sangar, Kobyaysky district of Yakutia) was performed by a team of authors in a previous large study [14]. A total of 156 bioactive compounds were successfully characterized in extracts of D. jacutense based on their accurate MS (Mass Spectrometry) fragment ions by searching online databases and the reported literature.…”