Comparison of Wet Mount Examination with Giemsa Staining and Fluorescent Staining for Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in Clinically Suspected Cases of Vulvovaginitis

Paliwal, Vartika; Jain, Arti; Laghawe, Avinash; Navinchandra, Kaore; Prabhu, Tukaram

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.083

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…While Giemsa stain detected 9 (1.8%) cases of Trichomonas vaginalis, wet mount detected 2 (0.4%), without any discordance. This observation is in concordance with work done by Paliwal et al [12] and further confirms that Giemsa stain is a more sensitive technique than wet mount preparation. Wet preparation for microscopy is currently the most common method for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the rural settings because of its low cost.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A number of studies have reported different range of sensitivity of Giemsa-stained smears for diagnosis of Tricohomoniasis. Paliwal et al [12] reported a zero detection using wet mount as against 3.33% for Giemsa stained technique. Similarly, Sumadhya et al [13] also reported a lower sensitivity of wet mount compared to the Giemsa-stained technique.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike wet mount examination, delay in transport may have no significant impact on its reliability for diagnosis of Trichomoniasis. According to Paliwal et al [12], the major challenge in using Giemsa-stained smear is that it is time consuming and requires technical expertise.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Adult Females in a Resource-poor Setting in Ogoniland, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Nwokah

Monday

Azike

2019

AJRID

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Aim: Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a neglected tropical parasitic infection affecting mostly women of child bearing age, especially those of low socio-economic status and those that have poor hygiene lifestyle. Unfortunately, the traditional wet mount microscopy routinely used in the rural health care settings, for the detection of this parasite from clinical specimen, hardly detect this parasite (false negative), thus making the diagnosis of trichomoniasis a huge challenge in the rural settings. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of Trichomonas vaginalis among adult females in Bori, a rural resource-poor setting in Ogoniland, Niger Delta, Nigeria using modified Parasite Concentration-Giemsa staining technique. Study Design: This was a randomized study of adult females attending Government Health Centers in the Ogoni areas of Rivers State, Nigeria between April and August, 2018. Methodology: A total of five hundred (500) women, grouped into married (128) and unmarried (372), were enrolled in this study. A structured questionnaire was also administered to the participants for demographic data. Using sterile specula, high vaginal swab samples were collected and analyzed using the wet mount preparation and 10% Giemsa staining of centrifuged specimens. Results: Results obtained showed that the prevalence rate was 1.8% (9 out of 500 subjects). The sensitivity of wet mount and Giemsa stain methods were 56.2% and 100% respectively while their specificity were 100% and 98.2% respectively. While wet mount detected 0.4%, Giemsa staining method detected 1.8%. Two (1.6%) out of 128 married women examined had T. vaginalis while 7 (1.9%) out of 372 unmarried women examined had T. vaginalis. Conclusion: Although study recorded a low prevalence, Trichomonas vaginalis infections, exists in rural areas of Rivers State and therefore a source of concern because of its attendant morbidities. Early detection using improved diagnostic methods and in this case, the relatively inexpensive Parasite Concentration-Giemsa staining method, will improve management within the rural setting. A meta screening of more rural communities is advocated.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Adult Females in a Resource-poor Setting in Ogoniland, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Nwokah

Monday

Azike

2019

AJRID

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“…Clean glass slides were prepared and a drop of urine precipitate was, then methyl alcohol was placed and left for a minute to dry in room air. After the slides had dried, Giemsa stain and phosphate solution were applied in a ratio of 1:1, then left to dry for 5 minutes, then the slide was washed with water and left to dry (Paliwal et al, 2017) [26] .…”

Section: B Giemsa Stainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results are consistent with what was recorded in Nigeria, this may be due to the prevalence of urinary tract infection in women more than in males, which facilitates parasite infection and the proximity of the anus to the urinary tract and the narrowing of the urethra, in addition to the short specific structure of the urinary tract (Nitzan et al, 2015) [24] . While parasitic infections recorded the highest percentage in the age group (26)(27)(28)(29)(30) years, in which the majority of infections were caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, which is an important cause of vaginitis and the fact that this group is sexually active, this explains the association of urinary tract infections with age and gender, in addition to the infection history (Neild, 2003) [23] . The areas that suffer from a lack of health care and poor infrastructure, causing recurrent infection with parasites as well as the availability of intermediate hosts for them (Bennett et al, 2019) [9] , this explains the emergence of the highest rate of infection among the poorest people, as it obtained a rate of 11.03%, in addition to the use of municipal water for drinking, which also recorded the highest percentage of parasitic infection, reaching 9.42%, which may be due to the inability to use this water for drinking because it may contain pathogens that may kill individuals unnoticed, in addition to not filtering and purifying them by severe control methods.…”

Section: Microscopic Diagnosis Of Parasitic Infections From the Urine...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic study of parasites of the urinary tract infection in Nineveh governorate

Murad¹,

Hamoo²

2022

J. Adv. Microbiol. Res.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most widespread diseases in the world, it occurs as a result of one of the pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, as well as parasites. During this study, 305 urine samples were collected for UTI patients from hospitals and private laboratories and people suffering from UTIs from Nineveh Governorate. After conducting the examination, 27 cases of parasitic infection were recorded, at a rate of 8.90%. Among these diagnosed parasites are Trichomonas vaginalis with a percentage of 25.92%, Giardia lamblia (14.81%), Chilomastix mesnili (22.2%), Entamoeba histolytica, Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoids with a percentage of (7.4%), while the parasites Schistosoma mansoni, H. nana, Entamoeba coli and Taenia saginata got a percentage of 3.70%. As for the results categorized by gender, it was found that the infection rate among females was the highest among males, which amounted to 11.33%, compared to 3.92% for males, and comparing the infection rate according to age groups, the largest number of injuries was recorded in the age group (26-30) years, with a rate of 22.22%, it was noted that parasitic infections were concentrated in the poorest segment, reaching a rate of 11.03%. It was also noted that there was a significant correlation between parasitic infection and the quality of drinking water, as the highest rate of infection for users of drinking water was recorded, and it was at a rate of 9.42%, by studying the relationship of those infected with animals, it was found that the highest injuries were recorded among animal breeders, which amounted to 9%.

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Modified comet assay with Giemsa staining: a suitable method for assessing genotoxicity in rats

Fagiani

Fluminhan

Araújo

et al. 2020

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The present study tested a comet assay that was modified for compatibility with Giemsa staining to assess the drug genotoxicity in the peripheral blood of rats. We analysed the peripheral blood of 16 female Wistar rats (N=8 rats/group) from a control group and from a group that was treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 50mg cyclophosphamide/kg. The comet assay was carried out with modifications of the blood volume and immersion time in the lysing solution and different combinations of electrophoresis conditions (running time, voltage and current), to Giemsa staining. The lysing time and electrophoresis conditions allowed for the expression of all classes of DNA damage during the electrophoresis run, and the comets were efficiently stained with Giemsa. The technique showed high reproducibility for the DNA classes. The results demonstrate that the modified comet assay with Giemsa staining can be standardized for routine laboratory procedures using a 20µL blood sample, 3h and 30min immersions in the lysing solution and electrophoresis runs with 23 to 25 V and 310 and 360mA of electrical current. The modified comet assay with Giemsa staining that was described in the present study was standardized to be applied in the laboratory routine.

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Comparison of Wet Mount Examination with Giemsa Staining and Fluorescent Staining for Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in Clinically Suspected Cases of Vulvovaginitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Improving Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Adult Females in a Resource-poor Setting in Ogoniland, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Improving Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Adult Females in a Resource-poor Setting in Ogoniland, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Diagnostic study of parasites of the urinary tract infection in Nineveh governorate

Modified comet assay with Giemsa staining: a suitable method for assessing genotoxicity in rats

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