Comparison of Weighted Voting Formulas for the United Nations

Newcombe, Hanna; Wert, James; Newcombe, Alan G.

doi:10.2307/2009622

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Humic material is a large and heterogeneous group of macromolecules of different molecular weight (500–250 000 Dalton) and charge density, with complex and difficult structure []. The structure of such humic material consists of aromatic and aliphatic units and various functional groups []. Humic acid (HA) can play an important role in the immobilization or mobilization of metal ions due to complexation and colloid formation [].…”

Section: Comparison Of Different Conditional Stability Constants Log mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexation of europium and uranium by humic acids analyzed by capillary electrophoresis‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Möser¹,

Kautenburger

Beck³

2012

Electrophoresis

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Investigations of the mobility of radioactive and nonradioactive substances in the environment are important tasks for the development of a future disposal in deep geological formations. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can play an important role in the mobilization of metal ions due to complexation. In this study, we investigate the complexation behavior of humic acid (HA) as a model substance for DOM and its influence on the migration of europium as homologue for the actinide americium and uranium as the principal component of nuclear fuel. As speciation technique, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For the study, 0.5 mg·L⁻¹ of the metals and 25 mg·L⁻¹ of (purified Aldrich) HA and an aqueous solution sodium-perchlorate with an ionic strength of 10 mM at pH 5 were used. CE-ICP-MS clearly shows the different speciation of the triple positively charged europium and the double positively charged uranyl cation with HA.

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Section: Comparison Of Different Conditional Stability Constants Log mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexation of europium and uranium by humic acids analyzed by capillary electrophoresis‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Möser¹,

Kautenburger

Beck³

2012

Electrophoresis

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“…Several proposals have been presented for assessments of weighted voting in the UNSC and the UNGA (e.g., Dixon, 1983; Manno, 1966; Morrill, 1972; Newcombe, 1983; Newcombe, Wert, & Newcombe, 1971; Newcombe, Young, & Sinaiko, 1977; Stassen, 1991). Tadokoro (1997), for example, proposes that the council adopt a weighted voting system similar to that used by the IMF.…”

Section: Weighted Voting Schemes For United Nations Security Council mentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighted Voting in the United Nations Security Council

Strand

Rapkin

2010

Simulation & Gaming

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Various observers have proposed weighted voting as part of an overhaul of the UN Security Council. This article employs game-theoretic methods to simulate the effects of weighting votes in the UN Security Council according to the ability of individual states, as well as on the ability of the Council to act. The authors first briefly review reform proposals. Drawing on recent proposals, they then calculate voting weights based on population, contributions to the UN, and a measure of sovereign equality. These component measures are assigned different weights in order to formulate three sets of weighted votes. After this, they define several measures of voting power that can be used to assess voting power in weighted voting systems. The measures used in this article assess the relative voting power of individual members as well as the probability the Council will engage in collective action to pass a resolution. Results of voting power simulations are then presented under both simple and qualified majority rules. The authors’ simulations indicate that under weighted voting the capacity of the Council to act is likely to increase under most conditions unless high qualified majorities are required. The simulations also demonstrate that the main problem identified with weighted voting—large deviations between voting weight and voting power—are not present in the weighted voting systems analyzed here.

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“…Examples include Felsenthal and Machover (2001, 2007 and Leech (2002a), who analyze reform of the Council of the European Union; Manno (1966), Newcombe et al (1971) and Dixon (1983), who analyze reform of the UNGA; and Leech (2002b), Leech and Leech (2013) and Rapkin and Strand (2006), who analyze reform of the IMF's Executive Board.…”

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Reform of the United Nations Security Council: equity and efficiency

Gould

Rablen

2017

Public Choice

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The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is critical to global peace and security, yet more than 20 years of negotiations over its reform have proved fruitless. We use recent advances in the theory of a priori voting power to present a formal quantitative appraisal of the implications for democratic equity and efficiency of the "structural reforms" contained within 11 current reform proposals, as well as the separate effect of expansion of the UNSC membership. Only one reform proposal-a weakening of the veto power for Permanent Members by requiring two negative votes for a veto to be effectiverobustly dominates the status quo against our measures of equity and efficiency. Several proposed structural reforms may actually worsen the issues they ostensibly claim to resolve.

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Comparison of Weighted Voting Formulas for the United Nations

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Complexation of europium and uranium by humic acids analyzed by capillary electrophoresis‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Complexation of europium and uranium by humic acids analyzed by capillary electrophoresis‐inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Weighted Voting in the United Nations Security Council

Reform of the United Nations Security Council: equity and efficiency

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