Comparison of water resources management between China and the United States

He, Chansheng; Harden, Carol P.; Liu, Yanxu

doi:10.1016/j.geosus.2020.04.002

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Over the past decades, different water resource management approaches have been developed to tackle the global water shortage and conflicts, such as supply management, demand management, and integrated water resources management (IWRM) (He et al, 2005(He et al, , 2014(He et al, , 2020. Simultaneously, hydrology or hydrological science that studies the occurrence, distribution, circulation, and properties of water on Earth (NRC, 1991) has evolved to link the atmosphere, land, and oceans to understand the movement of water at all scales and environments and its interaction with climate and life on Earth (NRC, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of subdisciplines have also emerged such as ecohydrology (Hannah et al, 2004), global hydrology (Bierkens, 2015), global change hydrology (Tang, 2020), and sociohydrology (Di Baldassarre et al, 2019) to address the interacting and coupled human and natural factors and resulting effects on the occurrence, distribution, property, and movement of water at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Despite the tremendous progress in science, technology, and management of water resources over the past few decades, over 2 billion people have no access to safe drinking water, and more than 4 billion people lack access to safely managed sanitation services, water quality problems such as emerging pollutants, nonpoint source pollution, and the spread or invasive species persist globally, and floods and droughts continue to cause huge amount of economic losses and people's lives, affecting over 3 billion people and resulting roughly 179,000 deaths worldwide during the period of 1995-2015 (Gleick, 2016;WWAP, 2019;He et al, 2020). As a result, the World Economic Forum has declared that we are facing a global water-supply crisis (The World Economic Forum, 2013;He et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the tremendous progress in science, technology, and management of water resources over the past few decades, over 2 billion people have no access to safe drinking water, and more than 4 billion people lack access to safely managed sanitation services, water quality problems such as emerging pollutants, nonpoint source pollution, and the spread or invasive species persist globally, and floods and droughts continue to cause huge amount of economic losses and people's lives, affecting over 3 billion people and resulting roughly 179,000 deaths worldwide during the period of 1995-2015 (Gleick, 2016;WWAP, 2019;He et al, 2020). As a result, the World Economic Forum has declared that we are facing a global water-supply crisis (The World Economic Forum, 2013;He et al, 2020). What causes this conundrum?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water and water management play key roles in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), particularly Goal #6: ensuring universal availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all (UN, 2019;He et al, 2020). Over the past decades, numerous water sciences and management fields, such as IWRM, ecohydrology, and sociohydrology, have been developed to address pressing water issues across the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Watershed science: Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins

James

2021

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Over the past decades, a number of water sciences and management programs have been developed to better understand and manage the water cycles at multiple temporal and spatial scales for various purposes, such as ecohydrology, global hydrology, sociohydrology, supply management, demand management, and integrated water resources management (IWRM). At the same time, rapid advancements have also been taking place in tracing, mapping, remote sensing, machine learning, and modelling technologies in hydrological research. Despite those programs and advancements, a water crisis is intensifying globally. The missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to support implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at multiple spatial scales. Since the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management, watershed science offers the potential to bridge this missing link. This study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management, and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water community. Subsequently, it describes the core components of watershed science: (1) hydrological analysis; (2) water-operation policies; (3) governance; (4) management and feedback. The framework takes into account water availability, water uses, and water quality; explicitly focuses on the storage, fluxes, and quality of the hydrological cycle; defines appropriate local water resource thresholds through incorporating the planetary boundary framework; and identifies specific actionable measures for water resources management. It provides a complementary approach to the existing water management programs in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SDGs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Watershed science: Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins

James

2021

Sci. China Earth Sci.

Self Cite

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“…However, as water demand continues to increase and reaches its peak, human water use is beyond sustainable levels throughout the world [2]. Due to the irreplaceability of water resources in the development of cities, rapid population growth, fast urbanization, increasing economic development, unprecedented technological innovations, drastic land-cover alternations, and climate change have inevitably led to a rapid growth in urban water demand and a severe water supply crisis [3,4]. In some particular industries, such as iron and steel industry, tremendous contributions to their rapid development are highly reliant on the intensive water consumption [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water-Saving Society Policy on Water Consumption in the Cities of China: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Zhao

2020

IJERPH

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The increased demand for water resources due to urban population and economic growth has worsened the urban water crisis. In order to address this issue, a policy of “developing a water-saving society” (namely, water-saving society policy) has been implemented in some Chinese cities. This study takes 285 cities at the prefecture level and above as the sample and uses the propensity score matching (PSM) method to analyze the effect of China’s urban water-saving society policy on the reduction of water consumption per CNY 10,000 gross domestic product (GDP) from 2005 to 2017. The results show that the water-saving society policy significantly (p < 0.01) reduced water consumption in the study period; however, the effects differed between cities with different water resource endowments, economic development level, and urban scale. Specifically, there was a positive water consumption reduction effect in cities in humid areas, with low economic development, or of large scale, while the effect was limited in cities in arid areas, with high economic development, or of small scale. Therefore, for areas where water resource supply is insufficient, water-saving policy should be designed and implemented suiting local conditions, and it is also necessary to explore more water sources.

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Contributions of climatic and social factors to two water use efficiency indicators in the Yellow River

Fan

Wen

Cai

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Tracing the spatiotemporal tendency and driving forces of water use efficiency (WUE) is of great significance for understanding the carbon‐water balance, especially in large river basins. The lack of differential comparisons regarding the tendencies and driving forces of WUE indicators between the upper and lower reaches of rivers often affects the collaborative allocation and utilization of water resources at the basin scale, especially social factors such as population and economy distributions. Using remote sensing data and hierarchical decomposition methods, we identified the spatiotemporal distribution of the WUE of ecosystems (WUEe) and the WUE of canopies (WUEc) in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2017 as well as the contribution rates of climatic and social factors to WUEe and WUEc. Our results show that WUEe had a different distribution pattern than WUEc. An increase in WUEe was accompanied by a decrease in WUEc, and these changes varied among the upper, middle and lower reaches. WUEc was most negatively correlated with pressure (| r | = 0.65), while WUEe was most positively correlated with the precipitation rate (| r | = 0.68). The contribution rates of climatic factors to both WUEc and WUEe in the upper reaches were higher than 95%. The middle reaches were mainly driven by climatic factors, with contribution rates higher than 90%. In the lower reaches, the contribution rates of social factors to WUEe were higher than 30%. These differentiated contributions indicated the importance of considering social factors in the lower reaches than in the upper reaches when managing WUEe under the dominance of climatic factors on WUEc.

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Comparison of water resources management between China and the United States

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

Watershed science: Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins

Watershed science: Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins

Effect of Water-Saving Society Policy on Water Consumption in the Cities of China: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Contributions of climatic and social factors to two water use efficiency indicators in the Yellow River

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