Comparison of Volunteers’ Head Displacement with Computer Simulation—Crash Test with Low Speed of 20 km/h

Abstract

Recently, the automotive industry has used simulation programs much more often than experimental research. Computer simulations are more and more often used due to the repeatability of simulation conditions and the possibility of making modifications in simulation objects. Experimental and simulation studies carried out are aimed at developing a model of a simulation dummy adapted to both frontal and rear crash tests, taking into account changes in the moment of resistance in individual joints. The main purpose of the article is to reproduce a real crash test at a low speed of 20 km/h in a simulation program. For this purpose, a series of experimental crash tests with the participation of volunteers was carried out, and then a crash test with a dummy was simulated in the MSC ADAMS program. The experimental studies involved 100 volunteers who were divided into three percentile groups (C5, C50, C95). With the help of force sensors and a high-speed camera, crash tests of volunteers were recorded. The collected data from the force sensors made it possible to map the force in the seat belts. For low-speed crash tests, the displacement and acceleration of individual body parts of the dummy and volunteers can be measured using vision systems. The article identified head displacements of volunteers in the TEMA program based on a video analysis of a crash test film with a frequency of up to 2500 frames per second. The displacement of the simulation dummy’s head in the MSC ADAMS program in the considered crash time interval from 0.0 to 0.4 s for all three percentile groups coincided with the head displacement of the volunteers during the experimental crash test.

Analysis of Head Displacement during a Frontal Collision at a Speed of 20 km/h—Experimental Studies

“…In Refs. [17,18], the authors conducted crash tests with volunteers to validate a simulation dummy representing the 50th percentile of the male population. The authors performed a time-lapse analysis of a volunteer crash test and a simulation dummy.…”

“…In addition, it should be noted that the market for anthropometric dummies is quite extensive. Since the first anthropometric dummy more than 80 years ago, there have been around 3500 different anthropometric dummies on the market for crash testing [17,18]. Manufacturers of dummies determine the purpose of anthropometric dummies and determine the velocities of collisions.…”

“…One BIORIDIA anthropometric dummy is commonly used for rear crash tests [19,20]. There is a lack of an anthropometric dummy on the market, which was dedicated to two types of crash tests and dedicated exclusively to low-speed crash tests [17,18].…”

“…Ref. [18] presents the process of comparing the KPSIT C50 dummy to the HYBRID III C50 dummy. In addition, in Ref.…”

“…Vehicle manufacturers should not underestimate this type of collision, because in most cases, collisions at a speed of 20 km/h will not trigger the airbag and a standard seat belt installed in a passenger vehicle may not be tightened by the belt tensioner due to the low impact force. In such a situation, the vehicle driver may hit the vehicle's cockpit [16][17][18].…”