Comparison of vertical force redistribution in the pads of dogs with elbow osteoarthritis and healthy dogs

Braun, Louis; Tichy, Alexander; Peham, Christian; Bockstahler, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.06.004

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Additionally, a decreased SPD% was also found in the lame limb. The logical reduction of the load on the lame limb has already been demonstrated by several authors [26,32,33]. Additionally, we found that, in contrast to study group 1, the diseased animals of group 2 showed an increased PFz% and IFz% of the contralateral front limb and the diagonal hindlimb.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…All sound dogs for the control group were examined orthopedically and neurologically by a clinician and found to be free of lameness and pain. To also exclude dogs with undetected problems that affect the gait, only dogs with SI% < 3% [26,27] were included in this group. If available, animals were chosen which resembled the dogs of study group 1 and 2 in body type [27].…”

Section: Animals and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Center of Pressure in the Paws of Clinically Sound Dogs in Comparison with Orthopedically Diseased Dogs

Reicher

Tichy

Bockstahler

2020

Animals

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The center of pressure (COP) is recognized as a valuable tool for the assessment of orthopedic and neurologic disorders in humans. Relatively few studies are available in veterinary medicine, particularly concerning the COP in the individual paw. This study assessed the dynamic paw COP parameters during the stance phase of dogs with cox- or cubarthrosis (20 dogs each), as well as of 20 sound dogs. Data were obtained by walking over a pressure platform and analyzed within the diseased groups in comparison to the control group. Both diseased groups showed significant differences between the affected and non-affected limbs, but also in comparison to the reference limbs of sound animals. For coxathrosis, the primary increase was in the medio-lateral COP displacement and the COP area in both hind limbs. For cubarthrosis, the most prominent changes were an increase in the medio-lateral COP displacement in the ipsilateral hind limb and in the cranio-caudal COP displacement in the lame limb. Additionally, the COP area increased in both hind limbs. This can reflect a compensatory redistribution of the body mass as well as compensatory changes of body balance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Animals and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Center of Pressure in the Paws of Clinically Sound Dogs in Comparison with Orthopedically Diseased Dogs

Reicher

Tichy

Bockstahler

2020

Animals

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“…Lameness in dogs has been studied more extensively [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Compensatory mechanisms have been demonstrated for forelimb [27][28][29] and hind limb [30][31][32][33][34] lameness in canines. Dogs will shift the load mainly to the contralateral hind limb and not to the forelimbs when attempting to unload an injured hind limb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gait analysis seems to be the gold standard for detection of lameness in dogs [1,3,[26][27][28][29][30][32][33][34][35][36]. Nevertheless, studies have shown that not all dogs clinically assumed to be lame show changes on the force plate [31,42].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a pressure plate for detection of hind limb lameness in cats

2020

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Detection of lameness in cats can be very time-consuming and frustrating. Feline studies have shown that the success of treatment can be evaluated by measurement of the ground reaction force (GRF). However, the possibility of multiple limb involvement or the presence of a compensatory mechanism has not been investigated. Furthermore, there has been no research in cats on possible differences in GRFs between those with stifle problems and those with hip problems, as reported in dogs. In this study, we compared temporospatial parameters and GRFs in 20 lame cats after femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) or stifle disease to those in 15 healthy cats. An orthopedic examination was performed in all cats and radiographs were obtained to confirm the disease. GRFs, including peak vertical force (PFz), vertical impulse (IFz), time to PFz, and temporospatial parameters, including step length, paw contact area, and stance phase duration, were calculated. We also calculated the symmetry index (SI) in the forelimbs and hind limbs. The GRFs were normalized to total force (% TF). We found that the IFz (% TF) and PFz (% TF) were lower in the affected limb than in the other limbs in the lame cats. When the lame cats were compared with the sound cats, this difference was only significant for IFz (% TF). The SI values for the PFz and IFz were significantly higher in the hind limbs than in the forelimbs in the lame cats group but there was no difference in the SI according to whether the problem was in the hip or stifle. There were also differences in stance phase duration and paw contact area in both the forelimbs and hind limbs between the sound group and the lame group. There was no difference in PF Z (% TF) or IF Z (% TF) in the affected limb between the lame cats with stifle and those after FHO; however, there were changes in time to PFz and step length. In conclusion, mild to moderate lameness can be detected and measured in cats using pressure plates. The compensatory mechanisms in cats at a walk appear to involve shifting the weight to the other three legs without favoring either the contralateral or the diagonal limb.

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“…Most studies use standard protocols for data collection and robust statistical analysis, and much work has been done on trying to 'normalize' between subjects, for example, by presenting results as %bw, and collecting data within defined ranges for speed and acceleration. [5][6][7]9,10,[14][15][16][17][18] In contrast, studies investigating the effect of calibration methods are sparse. 9,19 In the majority of pressure-sensitive walkway studies, the authors report that the 'manufacturer's recommended calibration method' was followed, but do not define it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Calibration Method on Repeatability and Reproducibility of Pressure Mat Data in a Canine Population

Alvarez

Anesi

Czopowicz

et al. 2020

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of two different pressure-sensitive walkway calibration protocols, while collecting gait data from a heterogenous group of dogs. Study Design Fourteen dogs were walked across a high-definition pressure-sensitive walkway (Tekscan Strideway HRSW3) to obtain five valid trials from each dog. Two different calibration protocols were created following manufacturer recommendations: human step and phantom step using a custom-built three-legged device. Each calibration protocol was repeated five times, by three different operators, and then individually applied to the raw canine gait data. The software then automatically generated values for peak vertical force, vertical impulse and peak pressure for each trial. Results To control for the different bodyweight of the dogs, forces are reported as a percentage of bodyweight. Values for peak vertical force percentage of bodyweight, vertical impulse percentage of bodyweight and peak pressure were significantly different between calibration protocols, but the results were linearly correlated. Both calibration protocols were highly repeatable and highly reproducible. Conclusions Both the step and phantom calibration protocols individually generated highly repeatable and reproducible results, which were not affected by different operators. A linear correlation was identified which may make it possible to apply a correction factor to enable comparison of results between different studies.

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Comparison of vertical force redistribution in the pads of dogs with elbow osteoarthritis and healthy dogs

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

Center of Pressure in the Paws of Clinically Sound Dogs in Comparison with Orthopedically Diseased Dogs

Center of Pressure in the Paws of Clinically Sound Dogs in Comparison with Orthopedically Diseased Dogs

Evaluation of a pressure plate for detection of hind limb lameness in cats

The Effect of Calibration Method on Repeatability and Reproducibility of Pressure Mat Data in a Canine Population

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