Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data

Hauke, Jan; Kossowski, Tomasz

doi:10.2478/v10117-011-0021-1

Cited by 1,220 publications

(662 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As explained in (46), the Pearson coefficient is more accurate if the pairwise correlation can be approximated to be linear. This circumstance realistically occurs in several -but not all-cases, in which the Pearson coefficient is reliable (47).…”

Section: Second Step: Correlation Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Scale Problems in Practice: The Effect of Dimensionality on the Interaction Among Variables

Caraffini

Neri

Iacca

2017

Applications of Evolutionary Computation

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Abstract. This article performs a study on correlation between pairs of variables in dependence on the problem dimensionality. Two tests, based on Pearson and Spearman coefficients, have been designed and used in this work. In total, 86 test problems ranging between 10 and 1000 variables have been studied. If the most commonly used experimental conditions are used, the correlation between pairs of variables appears, from the perspective of the search algorithm, to consistently decrease. This effect is not due to the fact that the dimensionality modifies the nature of the problem but is a consequence of the experimental conditions: the computational feasibility of the experiments imposes an extremely shallow search in case of high dimensions. An exponential increase of budget and population with the dimensionality is still practically impossible. Nonetheless, since real-world application may require that large scale problems are tackled despite of the limited budget, an algorithm can quickly improve upon initial guesses if it integrates the knowledge that an apparent weak correlation between pairs of variables occurs, regardless the nature of the problem.

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Section: Second Step: Correlation Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Scale Problems in Practice: The Effect of Dimensionality on the Interaction Among Variables

Caraffini

Neri

Iacca

2017

Applications of Evolutionary Computation

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“…Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is a nonparametric (distributionfree) rank statistic measure of the strength of an association between two variables (Hauke & Kossowski, 2011). In this research, three basic variables which we assume to be related to the final outcome of the change have been identified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Factors Affecting the Implementation of Organizational Changes

Dobrovič¹,

Timková²

2017

JOC

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Organizational changes have a major impact on the competitiveness, growth, efficiency, and survival of any organization. This article deals with the issue of an organizational change and its management. The main objective of the research is to verify the existence of a statistically significant relationship between selected factors and the success of organizational changes in Slovak companies. In the short theoretical introduction, the article explains basic aspects of change management. The main part of the article deals with the analysis of variables affecting the outcome of changes taking place in companies. The empirical survey was carried out using the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was distributed to employees from different types of companies where the changes took place. The survey sample consists of 287 respondents. To test the statistical hypotheses, we used the Spearman's correlation coefficient. The test hypotheses were processed through the program Gretl. Based on the tested relationship between the variables, a significant relationship between the variables was found -the time needed to prepare and implement the change and the success of the change. Other variables also showed an impact on the final outcome of the change. It has been shown that the process of planning changes, checking upon changes, and the time needed to implement changes have an important role and a major effect on the ultimate success or failure of change in a company.

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“…A coefficient is considered significant if the pvalue is less than 0.05 (1-tailed). The strength of the monotonic relationship between two variables is measured as either very weak (0.00 to 0.19); weak (0.20 to 0.39); moderate (0.40 to 0.59); strong (0.60 to 0.79); or, very strong (0.80 to 1.0) (Hauke and Kossowski, 2011). Assumption was made that there was evidence of non-linearity for secondary data.…”

Section: Csr Construction and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review on Company Specific Determinants for Sustainability Reporting in United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia

Tong

2017

SHS Web Conf.

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This study aims to comparatively assess the effects of company-specific variables on the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) information disclosed in publicly-traded companies from United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. Content analysis was applied to sampled reports from the FTSE 100 Index and FTSE Bursa KLCI against inferred meanings from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)-derived coding base to identify similarities and/or differences in CSR disclosure practices. The Spearman's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions (MLR) analyses further gauged the associations between the variables and total quantity of CSR disclosure (TQCSR); and, determined the predictive determinants on sustainability reporting. The Spearman's correlation has identified a negative association on leverage with TQCSR for UK companies. In contrast, the TQCSR in the Malaysian sample was positively associated with directors' CSR-related experiences and profitability but negatively associated with company size. Results from MLR analyses presented company size as a significant determinant on sustainability reporting in the UK model, while directors' experiences were indicated as the crucial determinant in the Malaysian model. This first, direct cross-market sustainability reporting study highlights the importance of board of directors' CSR-relevant experience in influencing the level of CSR disclosures in publicly-traded companies.

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Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data

Cited by 1,220 publications

References 37 publications

Large Scale Problems in Practice: The Effect of Dimensionality on the Interaction Among Variables

Large Scale Problems in Practice: The Effect of Dimensionality on the Interaction Among Variables

Examination of Factors Affecting the Implementation of Organizational Changes

A Comparative Review on Company Specific Determinants for Sustainability Reporting in United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia

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