Comparison of Validity of Food Group Intake by Food Frequency Questionnaire Between Pre- and Post-adjustment Estimates Derived from 2-day 24-hour Recalls in Combination with the Probability of Consumption

Abstract

Validation of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) utilising a short-term measurement method is challenging when the reference method does not accurately reflect the usual food intake. In addition, food group intake that is not consumed on daily basis is more critical when episodically consumed foods are related and compared. To overcome these challenges, several statistical approaches have been developed to determine usual food intake distributions. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) can calculate the usual food intake by combining the frequency questions of an FFQ with the short-term food intake amount data. In this study, we applied the MSM to estimate the usual food group intake and evaluate the validity of an FFQ with a group of 333 Korean children (aged 3-6 y) who completed two 24-hour recalls (24HR) and one FFQ in 2010. After adjusting the data using the MSM procedure, the true rate of non-consumption for all food groups was less than 1% except for the beans group. The median Spearman correlation coefficients against FFQ of the mean of 2-d 24HRs data and the MSM-adjusted data were 0.20 (range: 0.11 to 0.40) and 0.35 (range: 0.14 to 0.60), respectively. The weighted kappa values against FFQ ranged from 0.08 to 0.25 for the mean of 2-d 24HRs data and from 0.10 to 0.41 for the MSM-adjusted data. For most food groups, the MSM-adjusted data showed relatively stronger correlations against FFQ than raw 2-d 24HRs data, from 0.03 (beverages) to 0.34 (mushrooms). The results of this study indicated that the application of the MSM, which was a better estimate of the usual intake, could be worth considering in FFQ validation studies among Korean children.

Identifying Critical Nutrient Intake in Groups at Risk of Poverty in Europe: The CHANCE Project Approach

“…FFQs are recognized as good instruments to distinguish between subpopulations, although repeated 24-h recalls are often recommended as the most appropriate method of dietary assessment [37]. Recently, it has been asserted that 24HDR administration at least twice is acceptable, and variation can be further reduced by triangulation with other methods, such as FFQ [38]. …”

Korean research project on the integrated exposure assessment of hazardous substances for food safety

“…The dietary exposure survey was conducted through individual dietary intake surveys involving a FFQ and 24-hour recall. The FFQ reflected the long-term dietary exposure levels [ 16 - 20 ]. The 24-hour recall survey identified the present exposure level.…”

“…For the dietary exposure analysis, we analyzed the FFQ and 24-hour recall with 16 food group categories, which were settled by the Korean Nutrition Society in 2005 (cereals, potatoes and starches, sugars and sweeteners, pulses, nuts and seeds, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, meats, eggs, fish and shellfish, seaweed, milks, oils and fats, beverages, and seasonings) ( Table 1 ) [ 16 ].…”

The e-EPIDEMIOLOGY Mobile Phone App for Dietary Intake Assessment: Comparison with a Food Frequency Questionnaire

“…FFQs depend mostly on the memory of the subject being interviewed, and these questionnaires do not take into account intrapersonal variation in the recording of daily food consumption during the time period of the study, nor do they allow precise estimation of food portion size. Despite these limitations, FFQs are the most practical, accessible, and commonly utilized tools in research to determine habitual dietary intake [2,5,6]. One inherent limitation to most FFQs is that they are paper-based.…”