Comparison of Uptake and Distribution of Cadmium in Different Cultivars of Bread and Durum Wheat

Abstract

Cd from soil is dependent on the Cd concentration in the soil, the soil pH, and the level of organic matter The intent of this study was to investigate whether high levels of and zinc in the soil (Eriksson et al., 1996; Eriksson and cadmium (Cd) in the grains of high Cd-accumulating cultivars is caused by a high Cd uptake in the roots, a high translocation of Cd from Sö derströ m, 1996). While these soil factors mainly reguroots to shoot, or a redistribution of Cd between the shoot and the late the amount of soil Cd that is available to the plant, grains. High and low accumulators, with respect to the grain accumulathe plant itself regulates the uptake. This is obvious tion of Cd, of spring and winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) since the uptake of Cd varies among wheat cultivars and of durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) were selected from field studies. (Oliver et al., 1995; Wenzel et al., 1996; Li et al., 1997). The selected cultivars were grown in nutrient solution containingAfter taken up, Cd is partly accumulated in the roots 0.5 mM Cd in a climate chamber for (i) 19 d and (ii) until maturity. and partly translocated into the xylem and further to The concentration of Cd in roots, shoot, flag leaves, grains, and grain the shoot. Within the xylem, Cd moves with the transpicoats was measured by atomic absorption. The results indicated that ration stream and this movement is affected by interacthere are differences among the cultivars in the ability to accumulate tion of Cd with the negative charges of the cell walls of Cd in grains. The biggest differences were found among the durum wheat cultivars. Different Cd accumulation in grains was related to

Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Beers from the Italian Market

“…All the samples respected the legal regulations of Spain. Herce-Pagliai et al 22 found arsenic at a level of 1.5-12.4 μg/L. No differences were found between bottled and canned beers, as well as no correlation existed with the specific gravity of the beers 9 .…”

“…The process employed in the production of alcohol free beers is reported to influence the level of the final arsenic species found in beer. Monomethylarsonic acid is the most abundant species in alcoholic beers, while inorganic arsenic (III) is similar to the organic species in alcohol free beers 22 . Furthermore in 2002, the Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit 5 reported an average arsenic content of 7.4 μg/L for the German market.…”

Cadmium Concentration in Grains of Japanese Wheat Cultivars : Genotypic Difference and Relationship with Agronomic Characteristics

“…Genotypic variation in Cd concentration in grain has been reported in durum and bread wheat (Oliver et al, 1995;Li et al, 1997;Greger and Lofstedt, 2004); however, there are few data on the Cd concentration in grain in Japanese wheat cultivars. Evaluation of Cd concentration in grain in broad genetic resources is necessary to understand the mechanisms of grain Cd accumulation and to construct a breeding program to decrease the Cd concentration in grain in wheat.…”

Effects of Ammonium Chloride Fertilizer and its Application Stage on Cadmium Concentrations in Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Grain

“…Thus, it is possible that Cl enhances the transfer of Cd from the root/shoot to the grain, in addition to increasing the solubility of soil Cd. Cd translocation from roots to shoots is considered to be important for the accumulation of Cd in wheat grain (Chan and Hale, 2004;Greger and Löfstedt, 2004;Harris and Taylor, 2004). Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of Cl on grain Cd accumulation.…”