Comparison of unbiased stereological estimation of total number of cresyl violet stained neurons and parvalbumin positive neurons in the adult human spiral ganglion

Kaur, Charanjeet; Pal, Indra; Saini, Shubhi; Jacob, Tony George; Nag, Tapas Chandra; Thakar, Alok; Bhardwaj, D.N.; Roy, Tara Sankar

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.06.004

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The lack of reliability, validity and therefore trust in quantitative data has been a major impediment to progress in defining the potential roles of numerical glia or neuron abnormalities in neurological and psychiatric diseases (Williams and Rakic, 1988; Stark et al, 2005). There have been multiple examples where initial reports of numbers or ratios of glial cells and neurons could not be replicated or had to be substantially revised, even within the same group of investigators or when using the same type of counting technique (Guillery and Herrup, 1997; von Bartheld, 2001; Herculano-Houzel et al, 2015; Dorph-Petersen and Lewis, 2017; Kaur et al, 2018). Meta-analyses have not been able to resolve all controversies about glia numbers and ratios in human neurological and psychiatric diseases (Harrison, 1999; Rajkowska, 2000, 2002; Hof et al, 2003; Lyness et al, 2003; Palmen et al, 2004; Todtenkopf et al, 2005; Courchesne et al, 2007; Amaral et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myths and truths about the cellular composition of the human brain: A review of influential concepts

Bartheld

2018

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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Over the last 50 years, quantitative methodology has made important contributions to our understanding of the cellular composition of the human brain. Not all of the concepts that emerged from quantitative studies have turned out to be true. Here, I examine the history and current status of some of the most influential notions. This includes claims of how many cells compose the human brain, and how different cell types contribute and in what ratios. Additional concepts entail whether we lose significant numbers of neurons with normal aging, whether chronic alcohol abuse contributes to cortical neuron loss, whether there are significant differences in the quantitative composition of cerebral cortex between male and female brains, whether superior intelligence in humans correlates with larger numbers of brain cells, and whether there are secular (generational) changes in neuron number. Do changes in cell number or changes in ratios of cell types accompany certain diseases, and should all counting methods, even the theoretically unbiased ones, be validated and calibrated? I here examine the origin and the current status of major influential concepts, and I review the evidence and arguments that have led to either confirmation or refutation of such concepts. I discuss the circumstances, assumptions and mindsets that perpetuated erroneous views, and the types of technological advances that have, in some cases, challenged longstanding ideas. I will acknowledge the roles of key proponents of influential concepts in the sometimes convoluted path towards recognition of the true cellular composition of the human brain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myths and truths about the cellular composition of the human brain: A review of influential concepts

Bartheld

2018

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

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“…Cresyl violet is a basic dye, which is used for the staining of nucleoproteins and Nissl substance. [ 16 ] It is used to identify the functional regions of brain and to obtain a detailed view of the cell bodies. At the end of 21 days, the set of animals assigned for histological study were perfused transcardially with 100 ml ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline [PBS] 0.1 M pH 7.4) followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in cold PBS (0.1 M pH 7.4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to enriched environment restores altered passive avoidance learning and ameliorates hippocampal injury in male albino Wistar rats subjected to chronic restraint stress

Kumar¹,

Narayanan²,

Kumar³

et al. 2018

Int J App Basic Med Res

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“…Using a photomultiplier to filter and detect the signal, flow cytometry records both the density and height of fluorescent pulses and then converts them to the number of bacteria; the method is fast and sensitive and can simultaneously analyze the cell morphology and protein biomarkers. Computer-aided image analysis [47] and serology [48] counting methods analyze the image or 2D picture to obtain accurate quantification and morphological structure. So far, both methods have been used successfully in biology, materials science, mineralogy, and neurological science.…”

Section: Automated Mechanical Countingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Growth Measurement

Chen¹,

Rui²,

Yu³

et al. 2020

Cell Growth

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The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. As the smallest unit and building blocks of life, cells differ in size, shape, metabolism, reproduction, and growth requirements. Cells reproduce through cell division involving a four-phase (G1, S, G2, M) cell cycle, which is tightly regulated at multiple checkpoints. The resulting growth curve demonstrates that cell population increases in three sequential steps: incubation, exponential hyperplasia, and stagnation/death phases. Cell growth is subject to changes in disease state and/or environmental conditions. This chapter will focus on methods for cell growth measurement, which are grouped into five sections: cell cycle, apoptosis, growth curve, druginduced proliferation (DIP), and continuous assays. Among the continuous assays, the EZMTT dye allows for long-term tracking of cell growth under various conditions and shows promise in precision medicine by early detection of drug resistance.

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Comparison of unbiased stereological estimation of total number of cresyl violet stained neurons and parvalbumin positive neurons in the adult human spiral ganglion

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

Myths and truths about the cellular composition of the human brain: A review of influential concepts

Myths and truths about the cellular composition of the human brain: A review of influential concepts

Exposure to enriched environment restores altered passive avoidance learning and ameliorates hippocampal injury in male albino Wistar rats subjected to chronic restraint stress

Cell Growth Measurement

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