Comparison of ultrasonographic and Doppler mapping of the intervillous circulation in normal and abnormal early pregnancies

Jauniaux, Eric; Greenwold, Natalie; Hempstock, Joanne; Burton, Graham J.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04568-5

Cited by 106 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…11 The hypoxic environment is thought to be necessary for the initial differentiation of the trophoblasts; in fact, miscarriage has been reported in cases of the early arrival of oxygenated blood in the intervillous space. 12 As the placenta matures and increases in size in the second trimester, the villi become smaller and more vascular. The syncytiotrophoblast cell layer draws up into "syncytial knots" which are small clusters of nuclei, leaving a single cytotrophoblast layer.…”

Section: Human Placental Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arrival of oxygenated blood before 10-11 weeks leads to deterioration of the syncytiotrophoblast caused by OS, resulting in loss of pregnancy, including spontaneous miscarriage and recurrent pregnancy loss. 12,69 The high levels of OS markers, such as nitrotyrosine residues, 4-HNE adducts and heat shock protein 70 in the placentas from early pregnancy loss, 15 suggest that increased ROS generation is due to premature establishment of maternal-placental perfusion, resulting in oxidative damage to the trophoblasts with subsequent termination of the pregnancy. 46 The expression of these markers is induced in vitro by exposing early placental villi to 21%…”

Section: Os and Early Pregnancy Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative stress, placental ageing‐related pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Sultana

Maiti

Aitken

et al. 2017

American J Rep Immunol

211

196

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Oxidative stress (OS), an imbalance between free radical generation and antioxidant defence, is recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although OS is a common future of normal pregnancy, persistent, overwhelming OS leads to consumption and decline of antioxidants, affecting placental antioxidant capacity and reducing systems. The accumulation of OS causes damage to lipids, proteins and DNA in the placental tissue that induces a form of accelerated ageing.Premature ageing of the placenta is associated with placental insufficiency that prevents the organ meeting the needs of the foetus, and as a consequence, the viability of the foetus is compromised. This review summarizes the literature regarding the role of OS and premature placental ageing in the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications. K E Y W O R D Sintrauterine growth restriction, oxidative stress, placental ageing, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, senescence, stillbirth | INTRODUCTIONAll living organisms have limited life cycles, and ageing is part of that life cycle. Each organ within an organism also exhibits ageing-related changes; the placenta is no exception. The placenta, a specialized organ formed during pregnancy, grows throughout gestation, performs multiple functions, including endocrine regulation and nourishment of the foetus, 1 but also ages and is discarded at the end of pregnancy, while the foetus may live for another hundred years. So placental ageing is a normal physiologic phenomenon. 2 However, there are likely to be some placentas which show signs of ageing earlier than others, in the same way as some individuals age more quickly than others. Premature ageing and degenerative changes in the placenta may reduce the functional capacity of the placenta and lead to abnormal pregnancy outcomes. The placenta is the primary organ for transferring nutrients from the mother to the foetus, so growth and function of the placenta are precisely regulated and coordinated to ensure the optimal growth and development of the foetus. The placenta exchanges nutrients, for example oxygen, amino acids, carbohydrates, minerals and waste products, for example carbon dioxide between the maternal and foetal circulatory systems. 3 It releases hormones into both the maternal and foetal circulations to affect uterine function, maternal metabolism, foetal growth and development. Moreover, it metabolizes some substances and can release metabolic products into both foetal and maternal circulations. The placenta can help to protect the foetus against certain xenobiotic molecules, infections and maternal diseases. Therefore, the adequate function of this organ is crucial for a normal physiologic gestational process and a healthy baby as a final outcome.In this review, we focus on the role of OS in the pathophysiology of pregnancy complications, beginning with a brief overview of placental development at different stages of gestation. We then discuss the biochemical markers of ageing and OS-induced placental ageing.Finally, we disc...

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Section: Human Placental Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Os and Early Pregnancy Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress, placental ageing‐related pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Sultana

Maiti

Aitken

et al. 2017

American J Rep Immunol

211

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, a thrombotic event is not the only mechanism for reproductive failure in women with thrombophilic defects [27]; an increased thrombin generation promotes trophoblast apoptosis [4], and it has been demonstrated in early pregnancy failure a premature onset of maternal blood flow into the intervillous space throughout the placenta [28,29], which may contribute to endothelial dysfunction related to increased angiotensin II levels and reactive oxygen species generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE D and Prothrombin 20210a Variants Interact in Increasing Unexplained Early and Recurrent Early Pregnancy-Loss Risk

Romagnuolo¹,

Sticchi²,

Rogolino³

et al. 2015

Women Heal Int

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“…Changes in placental function have been measured both in vivo and in vitro in pregnancy disorders. For instance, placental glucose transfer and metabolism is altered in GDM (Osmond et al 2000), abnormal intervillous blood flow is detected in early pregnancy loss (Jauniaux et al 2003) and placental factors are associated with maternal vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in pre-eclampsia (Cooper et al 1993). The complexity of the placenta, an organ that contains tissue and blood of two separate individuals, can confound investigations aimed at characterizing the human placental proteome.…”

Section: Clinical Proteomics and Pregnancy Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

An emerging role for comprehensive proteome analysis in human pregnancy research

Shankar¹,

Gude²,

Cullinane³

et al. 2005

Reproduction

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Elucidation of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms is pivotal to the comprehension of biological systems. The successful progression of processes such as pregnancy and parturition depends on the complex interactions between numerous biological molecules especially within the uterine microenvironment. The tissue-and stage-specific expression of these biomolecules is intricately linked to and modulated by several endogenous and exogenous factors. Malfunctions may manifest as pregnancy disorders such as preterm labour, pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction that are major contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite the immense amount of information available, our understanding of several aspects of these physiological processes remains incomplete. This translates into significant difficulties in the timely diagnosis and effective treatment of pregnancy-related complications. However, the emergence of powerful mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques capable of identifying and characterizing multiple proteins simultaneously has added a new dimension to the field of biomedical research. Application of these high throughput methodologies with more conventional techniques in pregnancy-related research has begun to provide a novel perspective on the biochemical blueprint of pregnancy and its related disorders. Further, by enabling the identification of proteins specific to a disease process, proteomics is likely to contribute, not only to the comprehension of the underlying pathophysiologies, but also to the clinical diagnosis of multifactorial pregnancy disorders. Although the application of this technology to pregnancy research is in its infancy, characterization of the cellular proteome, unearthing of functional networks and the identification of disease biomarkers can be expected to significantly improve maternal healthcare in the future.

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Comparison of ultrasonographic and Doppler mapping of the intervillous circulation in normal and abnormal early pregnancies

Cited by 106 publications

References 21 publications

Oxidative stress, placental ageing‐related pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Oxidative stress, placental ageing‐related pathologies and adverse pregnancy outcomes

ACE D and Prothrombin 20210a Variants Interact in Increasing Unexplained Early and Recurrent Early Pregnancy-Loss Risk

An emerging role for comprehensive proteome analysis in human pregnancy research

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