Comparison of Two Freshwater Turtle Species as Monitors of Radionuclide and Chemical Contamination: Dna Damage and Residue Analysis

Meyers-Schöne, Linda; Shugart, Lee R.; Beauchamp, John J.; Walton, Barbara T.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1487:cotfts]2.0.co;2

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Two species of turtles, the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) and the pond slider (Trachemys scripta) were compared for their usefulness as biologic sentinels for environmental genotoxicants in White Oak Lake on the USDOE Reservation (11). White Oak Lake is a settling basin for low-level radioactive and nonradioactive wastes generated at ORNL since 1943.…”

Section: Dna Strand Breaks In Turtles and Sunfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental genotoxicity: probing the underlying mechanisms.

Shugart

Theodorakis

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Environmental pollution is a complex issue because of the diversity of anthropogenic agents, both chemical and physical, that have been detected and catalogued. The consequences to biota from exposure to genotoxic agents present an additional problem because of the potential for these agents to produce adverse change at the cellular and organismal levels. Past studies in genetic toxicology at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory have focused on structural damage to the DNA of environmental species that may occur after exposure to genotoxic agents and the use of this information to document exposure and to monitor remediation. In an effort to predict effects at the population, community, and ecosystem levels, current studies in genetic ecotoxicology are attempting to characterize the biologic mechanisms at the gene level that regulate and limit the response of an individual organism to genotoxic factors in their environment. -Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 12):13-17 (1994)

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Section: Dna Strand Breaks In Turtles and Sunfishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental genotoxicity: probing the underlying mechanisms.

Shugart

Theodorakis

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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“…These assays are being developed and used in fish [16][17][18], but few assays have been adapted for alternate aquatic species. Most of these assays use either alkaline elution techniques [19] or alkaline unwinding followed by fluorometric detection [20]. These techniques have the advantage of being rapid, relatively inexpensive, and requiring little specialized instrumentation other than a spectrofluorometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA strand breakage in freshwater mussels (Anodonta grandis) exposed to lead in the laboratory and field

Black

Ferrell

Horning

et al. 1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-The sensitivity of a freshwater mussel, Anodonta grandis, to DNA damage following lead (Pb) exposure was tested in laboratory and field experiments. Laboratory exposures were conducted for 4 weeks at the following Pb concentrations: 0 (controls), 50, 500, and 5000 g/L. Mussels were also collected from a strip-mine pond contaminated with trace amounts of lead, cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). Significant DNA strand breakage was observed in foot tissue from mussels exposed in the laboratory to the lowest Pb concentration (50 g/L). No evidence of strand breakage was observed in any of the analyzed tissues from the mussels exposed to higher Pb concentrations (500 and 5000 g/L) or from the chronically exposed mussels collected from the strip-mine pond. These data suggest a threshold effect for DNA damage and repair resulting from low-level Pb exposure, whereby repair of DNA strand breaks may occur only if a certain body burden or exposure duration has been achieved.

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“…(Perowska and Protasowicki 1996;Baumard 1997;Hansen et al 1998). Increased frequency of DNA strand breaks was also detected in freshwater tadpoles, turtles and fish from polluted sites (Meyers-Schone et al 1993;Sugg et al 1995;Ralph and Petras 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As in a DNA unwinding assay in vitro (Nacci and Nelson 1992;Meyers-Schone et al 1993), fraction of doublestranded DNA (Fds) in mean nucleus can be calculated from the ratio of green fluorescence of double-stranded DNA (G) to summary fluorescence of total DNA or green plus red (R) fluorescence: Fds=G/(G+R). The negative log of Fds (-log Fds) is proportional to the relative number of DNA-unwinding points.…”

Section: Statistics and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine molluscs and fish as biomarkers of pollution stress in littoral regions of the Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Sea

Bresler¹,

Bissinger²,

Abelson

et al. 1999

Helgoland Marine Research

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The intensive development of industry and urban structures along the seashores of the world, as well as the immense increase in marine transportation and other activities, has resulted in the deposition of thousands of new chemicals and organic compounds, endangering the existence of organisms and ecosystems. The conventional single biomarker methods used in ecological assessment studies cannot provide an adequate base for environmental health assessment, management and sustainability planning. The present study uses a set of novel biochemical, physiological, cytogenetic and morphological methods to characterize the state of health of selected molluscs and fish along the shores of the German North Sea, as well as the Israeli Mediterranean and Red Sea. The methods include measurement of activity of multixenobiotic resistance-mediated transporter (MXRtr) and the system of active transport of organic anions (SATOA) as indicators of antixenobiotic defence; glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity as an indicator of biotransformation of xenobiotics; DNA unwinding as a marker of genotoxicity; micronucleus test for clastogenicity; levels of phagocytosis for immunotoxicity; cholinesterase (ChE) activity and level of catecholamines as indicators of neurotoxicity; permeability of external epithelia to anionic hydrophilic probe, intralysosomal accumulation of cationic amphiphilic probe and activity of non-specific esterases as indicators of cell/tissue viability. Complete histopathological examination was used for diagnostics of environmental pathology. The obtained data show that the activity of the defensive pumps, MXRtr and SATOA in the studied organisms was significantly higher in the surface epithelia of molluscs from a polluted site than that of the same species from control, unpolluted stations, providing clear evidence of response to stress. Enhanced frequency of DNA lesions (alkaline and acidic DNA unwinding) and micronucleus-containing cells was significantly higher in samples from polluted sites in comparison to those from the clean sites that exhibited genotoxic and clastogenic activity of the pollutants. In all the studied molluscs a negative correlation was found between the MXRtr levels of activity and the frequency of micronucleus-containing hemocytes. The expression of this was in accordance with the level of pollution. The complete histopathological examination demonstrates significantly higher frequencies of pathological alterations in organs of animals from polluted sites. A strong negative correlation was found between the frequency of these alterations and MXRtr activity in the same specimens. In addition to these parameters, a decrease in the viability was noted in molluscs from the polluted sites, but ChE activities remained similar at most sites. The methods applied in our study unmasked numerous early cryptic responses and negative alterations of health in populations of marine biota sampled from the polluted sites. This demonstrates that genotoxic, clastogenic and pathogenic xenobiotics a...

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Comparison of Two Freshwater Turtle Species as Monitors of Radionuclide and Chemical Contamination: Dna Damage and Residue Analysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental genotoxicity: probing the underlying mechanisms.

Environmental genotoxicity: probing the underlying mechanisms.

DNA strand breakage in freshwater mussels (Anodonta grandis) exposed to lead in the laboratory and field

Marine molluscs and fish as biomarkers of pollution stress in littoral regions of the Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North Sea

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