Comparison of two behavioural pain scales for the assessment of procedural pain: A systematic review

Birkedal, Hanne Cathrine; Larsen, Marie Hamilton; Steindal, Simen Alexander; Solberg, Marianne Trygg

doi:10.1002/nop2.714

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In turn, the correlation between the scales was stronger in our study. A similar correlation between the BPS and CCPOT was demonstrated, in the reports of Liu et al [ 52 ] and a literature review by Birkedal et al [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Pain Assessment with the BPS and CCPOT Behavioral Pain Scales in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Requiring Analgesia and Sedation

Wojnar-Gruszka

Sega

Płaszewska‐Żywko

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients often experience pain, especially during diagnostic, nursing, and therapeutic interventions. Pain assessment using the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) and Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CCPOT) are recommended, but they are difficult to do in patients undergoing deep sedation. This study analyzed the usefulness of the BPS and CCPOT scales in assessing pain among patients with varying degrees of sedation. Methods: In 81 mechanically ventilated and sedated ICU patients, 1005 measurements were performed using the BPS and CCPOT scales. The study was conducted by 3 trained observers 3 times a day (each measurement at rest, during painful nursing interventions, and after the intervention). The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) were also analyzed from medical records as well as information on the length of hospitalization and treatment. Results: It was shown that signs of pain increased significantly (p < 0.001) during interventions in patients on both scales (BPS and CCPOT), and then returned to values close to the resting period. RASS results correlated significantly (p < 0.05) and positively with the results of the BPS and CCPOT. A strong correlation was found between the results of both scales at each stage of the study (R = 0.622–0.907). Conclusions: Nursing procedures are a source of pain in analgosedated patients. The BPS and CCPOT scales are useful tools for assessing the occurrence of pain in mechanically ventilated patients, including those in deep sedation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Pain Assessment with the BPS and CCPOT Behavioral Pain Scales in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Requiring Analgesia and Sedation

Wojnar-Gruszka

Sega

Płaszewska‐Żywko

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…CPOT, a non‐verbal pain assessment tool composed of four clinical findings, is generally used to assess the pain treatment and management in critically ill patients who are unable to self‐report their pain, such as those under sedation or intubation. CPOT can detect pain and assess the degree of pain in more detail than the behavioral pain scale [24]. A CPOT score of ≥3 points indicates severe pain [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile calciphylaxis in patients with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing dialysis: Invasive treatment and pain management

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Penile calciphylaxis is rarely reported in dialysis patients.Methods: We experienced cases of dialysis patients who had penile calciphylaxis between 2003 and 2020. Results: Seven patients undergoing dialysis were treated for penile necrosis (hemodialysis [HD], 5; peritoneal dialysis [PD], 1; hybrid therapy comprising PD and HD, 1). Their mean age was 62.8 years and their mean dialysis vintage 116.1 months. All had severe penile pain and were clinically diagnosed with calciphylaxis. Four received partial penectomy and three received percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) due to rapid aggravation. The number of analgesia types and the critical-care pain observation tool score significantly decreased after invasive treatment (both, p = 0.008). The 90-day and 1-year survival rates after onset were 85.7% and 57.1%, respectively. Conclusion: In dialysis patients, penile calciphylaxis has poor prognosis; however, invasive treatments for pain management are effective. PTA may be beneficial in dialysis patients in poor condition.

show abstract

“…CPOT Both CPOT and the BPS showed good reliability and validity and were good options for assessing pain during painful procedures with intensive care unit patients unable to self-report on pain (54).…”

Section: (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CPOT scale includes four behavioral indicators:facial expression;body movements;muscle tension; and compliance with the ventilator (for intubated or verbalization (for extubated patients) (55). • Have particularly good reliability and validity in assessing pain during procedures (54).…”

Section: Cpot Gélinas Et Al (55)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tools Are Needed to Promote Sedation Practices for Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Wang¹,

Zhou²,

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Suboptimal sedation practices continue to be frequent, although the updated guidelines for management of pain, agitation, and delirium in mechanically ventilated (MV) patients have been published for several years. Causes of low adherence to the recommended minimal sedation protocol are multifactorial. However, the barriers to translation of these protocols into standard care for MV patients have yet to be analyzed. In our view, it is necessary to develop fresh insights into the interaction between the patients' responses to nociceptive stimuli and individualized regulation of patients' tolerance when using analgesics and sedatives. By better understanding this interaction, development of novel tools to assess patient pain tolerance and to define and predict oversedation or delirium may promote better sedation practices in the future.

show abstract

Comparison of two behavioural pain scales for the assessment of procedural pain: A systematic review

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Pain Assessment with the BPS and CCPOT Behavioral Pain Scales in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Requiring Analgesia and Sedation

Pain Assessment with the BPS and CCPOT Behavioral Pain Scales in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Requiring Analgesia and Sedation

Penile calciphylaxis in patients with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing dialysis: Invasive treatment and pain management

Tools Are Needed to Promote Sedation Practices for Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About