Comparison of Two Analytical Methods for Detecting (1-3)-β-D-Glucan in Pure Fungal Cultures and in Home Dust Samples

Iossifova, Yulia; Reponen, Tiina; Daines, Michael O.; Levin, Linda; Hershey, Gurjit K. Khurana

doi:10.2174/1874838400801010026

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The median concentration of b-glucan per g dust is higher and the loading (lg m -2 ) lower than what has been measured in Canadian homes (n = 28, EP and season nm) of asthmatic children (median = 190 lg g -1 dust and 160 lg m -2 floor) (Berghout et al 2005) as well as in floor dust from homes in the USA (geometric mean = 40 lg g -1 and 9 lg m -2 , EP: 60 min, season nm) (Iossifova et al 2008). Both the median concentration and loading is lower than found in carpeted (1,100 lg g -1 dust and 1,200 lg m -2 , n = 15, EP and season nm) and tiled floors (1,300 lg g -1 and 50 lg m -2 , n = 15, EP and season nm) in two schools in USA (Foarde and Berry 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Some methods are based on a b-glucan antigen-antibody reaction (Sander et al 2008) and another upon the bioactivity of b-glucan in the factor-G-mediated Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay (LAL) (Foto et al 2004;Tamura et al 1994). Data obtained by one method using monoclonal antibodies and the LAL method are not directly comparable (Iossifova et al 2008) while another method also using monoclonal antibodies seems to give results comparable with results obtained by the LAL method on samples of airborne dust (Sander et al 2008). The LAL assay is commercially available but expensive and is widely used in Europe, Asia and USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a standardised protocol for extraction of environmental b-glucan does not yet exist (Dillon et al 1999). Thus different extraction periods (EP) ranging from no mentioned extractions over 10 min ) and 60 min (Iossifova et al 2008) to 2.5 h (Salares et al 2009) have been used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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(1 → 3)-β-d-glucan in different background environments and seasons

et al. 2010

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This study was undertaken to investigate how the length of the extraction period influences the (1 ? 3)-b-D-glucan (b-glucan) yield and also to examine the background concentration of b-glucan as airborne b-glucan in outdoor environments in different seasons and as concentrations in airborne and floor dust in offices. To ensure compatibility between results obtained in different laboratories, it is important to use optimal and standardised methods to extract and quantify b-glucan. In this study, an extraction period of 60 min gave the highest b-glucan yield. The median concentration of b-glucan in 44 floor dust samples was 597 lg g -1 dust. The median concentration of airborne b-glucan in offices was 5.1 ng m -3 in the summer and 2.3 ng m -3 in the winter, and the outdoor median concentration in towns was 6.8 ng m -3 . The outdoor airborne concentration of b-glucan was significantly lower in January, November and December than during the rest of year. In July, the median airborne concentration of b-glucan was 14 times higher than in January. Furthermore, the airborne concentration of b-glucan was significantly higher in July than in March, April, May, September and October. In the summertime, we found that the indoor airborne concentration of b-glucan was lower than outdoor concentrations. This is in accordance with measurements of concentrations of airborne pollen and culturable fungal spores showing higher outdoor than indoor concentrations during the summer months.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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(1 → 3)-β-d-glucan in different background environments and seasons

et al. 2010

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“…3)-glucan. These differences determine the AM arithmetic mean, SE standard error sensitivity of each method, which was described with details by Iossifova et al (2008). They indicated that the limit of detection (LOD) for LAL assay was 3.125 pg/ml, whereas for ELISA-250 ng/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β(1 → 3)-glucan aerosols in different occupational environments

2011

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The aim of this preliminary study was to assess exposure to b(1 ? 3)-glucan as well as inhalable dust and viable fungi in different occupational environments. The study was conducted in three different industrial plants: metal plant where metalworking fluids were applied, wastewater treatment plant, and waste composting plant. In selected points simultaneously the stationary air sampling was performed to evaluate the levels of inhalable dust, b(1 ? 3)-glucan, and to make a quantitative analysis of airborne fungi. All variables describing the exposure were characterized by a wide range of concentrations. The results were as follows: b(1 ? 3)-glucan (1.38-65.1 ng/m 3 ), inhalable dust (0.03-2.93 mg/ m 3 ), and fungi (0.16-285 9 10 2 CFU/m 3 ). The highest concentrations for all parameters were found in the composting plant. In the composting plant, a statistically significant correlation was found between b(1 ? 3)-glucan and fungal levels (r = 0.89; p \ 0.05). In the metal industry and composting plant, the participation of alkali-soluble fraction was stable, exceeding 90% of all b(1 ? 3)-glucan. However, in the wastewater treatment plant, its average amount was much lower-73.6%. The study showed that b(1 ? 3)-glucan was present in different occupational environments and it should be taken into consideration as an important part of bioaerosols. However, more studies are required to assess the concentration levels as well as all determinants of exposure.

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“…3)-b-D-glucans. As indicated by Iossifova et al (2008), both methods are characterized by a completely different sensitivity level, which for the LAL method amounts to 3.125 pg/ml, whereas for the ELISA method-to 250 ng/ml. Heldal et al (2003) indicate that the comparison of the results from air samples obtained with the use of the above methods might lead to false conclusions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in swine farms

et al. 2011

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The aim of this study was to assess the exposure to organic dust and (1 ? 3)-b-D-glucans in the buildings where an intensive breeding of swine is going on and evaluation of the impact of the breeding technical conditions on the observed levels of bioaerosols. The study was carried out in 30 swine farms differentiated by the size of the herd and technical conditions of breeding. In 35 randomly selected buildings, air samples were collected by stationary measurements to determine the concentrations of organic dust and (1 ? 3)-b-D-glucans in inhalable and respirable fractions. Furthermore, each of the investigated buildings was precisely characterized by means of a questionnaire for technical conditions and type of breeding. In each of the points, the microclimate parameters were measured, i.e., temperature, relative humidity, CO 2 concentration and air velocity. The analyzed levels of organic dust and (1 ? 3)-b-Dglucans were characterized by a wide range of concentrations. For inhalable fraction, they reached respectively: organic dust (0.43-11.8 mg/m 3 ), (1 ? 3)-b-D-glucans (14-3,594 ng/m 3 ). For respirable fraction, the results were as follows: organic dust (0.01-4.69 mg/ m 3 ), (1 ? 3)-b-D-glucans (1-703 ng/m 3 ). The concentrations of (1 ? 3)-b-D-glucans were positively correlated with organic dust (r = 0.68; p \ 0.001). The most significant factor increasing the concentrations of organic dust and (1 ? 3)-b-D-glucans was the use of bedding in the form of cut straw. Additionally, the levels of (1 ? 3)-b-D-glucans were affected by manual forage feeding, mechanical manure disposal and the lack of the liquid manure container in breeding buildings. In view of the hazardous effects of biological agents on the health of swine-breeding workers, the swine management systems without beddings should be used, along with automated dosing techniques.

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Comparison of Two Analytical Methods for Detecting (1-3)-β-D-Glucan in Pure Fungal Cultures and in Home Dust Samples

Cited by 19 publications

References 65 publications

(1 → 3)-β-d-glucan in different background environments and seasons

(1 → 3)-β-d-glucan in different background environments and seasons

β(1 → 3)-glucan aerosols in different occupational environments

Exposure to (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in swine farms

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