Comparison of Tumor - Infiltrating Lymphocytes Between Primary and Metastatic Tumors in Her2+ and HER2-Breast Cancer Patients

Self Cite

The immune system could mediate the antitumor activity of several anticancer treatments. Several chemotherapy compounds, including anthracyclines and oxaliplatin, induce immunogenic cell death that in turn activates the antitumor immune response. Trastuzumab induces antibody-dependant cell-mediated cytotoxicity. On the basis of this background, immune markers have recently been the focus of intense translational research to predict and monitor the efficacy of treatments. Gene expression arrays and immunohistochemistry have assessed immune activation and infiltration by macrophages, natural killer, and T and B lymphocytes. In this paper we present the results of a study that included 22 patients diagnosed with Her2 positive breast cancer undergoing treatment with Transtuzumab.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Effects of Transtuzumab in HER2 Positive Breast Cancer

Zgură¹,

Galeş²,

Hăineală³

et al. 2019

Self Cite

“…In four patients IVC reconstruction was not necessary, due to the presence of efficient collaterals. They have reached the conclusion that IVC resection is safe and well tolerated in patients with retroperitoneal masses invading the nearby vessels and that the need for vascular reconstruction has to be assessed according to preoperative imaging, intraoperative findings and to the extent of resection [50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular Involvement in Primary Retroperitoneal Tumors

Marcu¹,

Ioniţă-Radu²,

Iorga³

et al. 2019

The retroperitoneum can host a wide variety of pathologies, including benign and malignant tumors. Primary retroperitoneal tumors are rare, usually large in size, more than half of them being larger than 20 cm at the time of diagnosis, due to their silent growth. They often present several therapeutic challenges because of their rarity, relatively late presentation and anatomical location, often in close relationship with several important structures in the retroperitoneal space. Extensive surgery is often required because of the intimate relationships with vital organs in the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal sarcomas frequently involve major vessels, originating from them or secondarily encase or invade them, requiring major vascular resections, with increasing morbidity. The main intervention that can increase the survival of patients with retroperitoneal tumors is radical resection. The involvement of large retroperitoneal vessels often makes impossible a radical intervention, usually because of the lack of an adequate material for ample and laborious vascular reconstruction. In this paper, a thorough search of the PubMed database was performed, to bring into the light the implications of vascular involvement in primary retroperitoneal tumors and the need of a strong cooperation between the urological or general surgeon and the vascular surgeon.

“…When para-aortic lymph nodes are involved in these kind of processes, they can affect the ureters, due to the mass effect, leading to ureterohydronephrosis and eventually renal displacement, with high risk of secondary renal failure [53], documented by pyelographic examination. Commonly, primary or metastatic retroperitoneal lymph nodes that are affected can not produce a palpable abdominal mass [54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Tumors Of Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retroperitoneal Tumours - Treatment and Prognosis of Tumour Recurrence

Bratu¹,

Cherciu²,

Bumbu³

et al. 2019

Retroperitoneal tumors, once considered uncommon, have been reported in the last years in such numbers that they cannot be considered anymore a rare condition. Tumor recurrence following surgical excision is quite common and a tumor that was considered originally as benign in many cases can recur as a malignant tumor. The purpose of this paper is to underline the difficulties in terms of establishing a correct diagnosis and a proper therapeutic protocol when facing a retroperitoneal mass of unknown origin, as well as to present the available data regarding prognosis, treatment options and tumor recurrence. Retroperitoneal tumors can be classified as benign or malignant; solid, cystic or both; single or multiple, and of varied histological types. A high percentage of patients with retroperitoneal tumors are discovered in advanced stages, usually seeking medical help for symptoms related to nearby organ compression/invasion. This pathology requires a prompt and adequate multidisciplinary management, in order to achieve disease control and to reduce the recurrence rate. Complete surgical resection is the potential curative treatment for retroperitoneal tumors and it is best managed in high-volume centers, by a multidisciplinary team. Complete oncological tumor resection and tumor grade remain the most important predictors for local recurrence and disease-specific survival. Further research is required in order to define the role of radiotherapy, as well as to discover new biological therapies that target various molecular pathways involved in retroperitoneal cancers.