Comparison of trocar site versus trocar site plus intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetic for shoulder pain following laparoscopic abdominal surgery

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic surgery in recent times has noteworthy advantages over conventional surgery, yet recovery is prolonged due to debilitating shoulder tip pain (STP) and operated site pain. Various studies have compared the effect of trocar site, intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetic (LA) for pain relief while only a few studies have tested the combination of these two techniques. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the combination of these two techniques versus trocar site alone for STP particularly. Subjects and Methods: This prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted on 52 patients who were undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery. The patients were allocated into either of the two groups. Group I ( n = 26): trocar site infiltration (20 mL) and intraperitoneal instillation (20 mL) of 0.25% levobupivacaine and Group II ( n = 26): trocar site infiltration (20 mL) of 0.25% levobupivacaine and saline (20 mL) intraperitoneally. Postoperative STP was the primary outcome while surgical site pain, nausea, and vomiting were secondary outcomes. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to shoulder pain, surgical site pain, total rescue analgesics, and incidence of nausea and vomiting ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: Trocar site infiltration with intraperitoneal instillation of LA or trocar site infiltration alone was found to be equally effective. However, we suggest that it is better to provide a combination of trocar site infiltration plus intraperitoneal instillation of LA if we have to restrict opioid usage such as in day-care surgeries.

More advantages of trocar compared than steel needle in deep venipuncture catheterization

“…Trocar insertion is faster, less painful, less fluid leakage during use, and less vascular irritation, thereby protecting blood vessels. [18,19] Reduce the pain and fear caused by repeated puncture, each use can be retained for 2 to 4 days, no need to use again, directly connect the indwelling cannula, reduce the damage to the vein. And trocar small, no extension tube, fixed, firm and secure.…”