Comparison of tower influence on wind velocity for NASA's 150-meter meteorological tower and a wind tunnel model of the tower

Camp, D. W.; Kaufman, J. W.

doi:10.1029/jc075i006p01117

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Therefore Izumi and Barad (1970) used for this purpose an empirical combination of flow speed variations measured around various triangular masts by Gill et al (1967) and by Hathorn and Kaufman (1968). The use of triangular-mast information for assessment of flow effects around a square mast is a doubtful approach, since even for similarly shaped masts, the flow may be significantly varied by minor construction details (Camp and Kaufman, 1970). Even so, it is not certain that Izumi and Barad's approach would result in a systematic error.…”

Section: Mast Structure and Available Data On Mast Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, obstacles which are not localized on the platform (such as the ladder) would rather make the composite obstruction effect similar to that of a vertical cylinder, with little or no upflow. A wind-tunnel experiment would be desirable, though it seems to be rather difficult to determine flow directions with hot wires to the required accuracy (Camp and Kaufman, 1970;Hunt, 1971).…”

Section: Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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A revaluation of the Kansas mast influence on measurements of stress and cup anemometer overspeeding

Wieringa

1980

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

179

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For the 1968 Kansas atmospheric surface-layer experiment, a supplementary analysis is made of the evaluation procedure. Available data on the ratio of wind speeds measured on separate booms show a variation with wind direction which is too large for an open mast. Actually the Kansas mast appears to have carried a bulky array of apparatus at the sonic anemometer levels. It is shown that the air flow interference caused by this obstacle can be satisfactorily estimated by way of potential flow calculations. From these it follows that the sonic anemometer measurements probably have undervalued the free-flow eddy stress by 20% to 30%, which implies that the simultaneous drag plate measurements of stress were generally correct. Also the overestimation of the mean wind speed by the Kansas cup anemometer is found to have been 6% rather than 10%. Some Kansas evaluation results are amended accordingly. The von Karma, constant is found to be 0.41 rather than 0.35, and the near-adiabatic eddy diffusivity ratio K,IK, becomes 1.0 rather than 1.3. The flux-gradient relations (Businger et al., 1971) after similar revision no longer differ significantly from those obtained elsewhere.

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Section: Mast Structure and Available Data On Mast Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

A revaluation of the Kansas mast influence on measurements of stress and cup anemometer overspeeding

Wieringa

1980

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

179

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“…However, errors in the measurement of wind velocity have come from the effects of the mast or tower used for supporting the instruments. The so-called "tower effects" have been studied by many authors, such as Sanuki et al (1955), Rider (1966), Shiotani and Takahashi (1962), Thornthwaite et al (1962), Borovenko et al (1963), Gill et al (1967), Mollo-Christensen (1967), Dabberdt (1968aDabberdt ( , 1968b, Cermak and Horn (1968), Camp and Kaufman (1970) and Izumi and Barad (1970). General findings from the studies of these authors are as follows : 1) On the windward side of a tower the wind speed decreases, although the speed measured on the transverse side of the tower increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbed Wind Fields around the Obstacle in Sheared Flow near the Ground Surface

Kondo

Naito

1972

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Wind distribution in the neighborhood of an obstacle near the ground surface was measured. In the present study there are used a circular cylinder, a square pillar, the Marine Tower of ourInstitute, and a model of the tower which is reduced on the scale of one to twelve. Wind decrement on the windward side and wind increment on the transverse side of the obstacle are noted.The distribution of wind velocity around a square pillar corresponds to that around a circular cylinder with a diameter from 1.55 to 1.6 times as large as the side length of the square. At some height above the ground surface the wind pattern on the windward side of the circular cylinder is almost represented by the potential solution for an ideal inviscid fluid, but in the layer close to the ground surface the effect of an obstacle in the wind field is considerably greater than that predicted by the potential solution.

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“…McVehil and Camnitz (1969) Camp and Kaufman (1970) McVehil and Camnitz (1969) Sanders and Weber (1970), Hanafusa and Mitsuta (1971), Sinclair et al (1973) Instruments and data handling: Mast influence on observation: Data source, review: Carter (1970) Carter (1970, Angel1 and Bernstein (1976) Crawford and Hudson (1970), Goff and Hudson (1972), Cormier (1975) Frankenberger (1955), Franken (1962) Frankenberger (1955, Franken (1962) Tops of three separate masts Frankenberger (1968) Rijkoort et a[. (1970), Raaff (1975) Rijkoort et a[.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shapes of annual frequency distributions of wind speed observed on high meteorological masts

Wieringa

1989

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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Annual wind distributions from six masts are used to investigate the annual variability of hourly-average wind. A variability extremum occurs at the height where the average diurnal cycle of wind reverses its phase from a nocturnal minimum to a nocturnal maximum. A simple profile model shows that in non-complex terrain, this reversal height varies approximately between 50 m at coasts and 90 m inland. The Weibull distribution shape factor k has a maximum at the reversal height, and with decreasing height, k decreases approximately as a linear function of height. Therefore estimation of wind distribution shape from surface data is possible in the surface layer. In the upper PBL, however, such estimation is not very feasible, because no simple methods are available to estimate the reversal height from routine surface observations.

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Comparison of tower influence on wind velocity for NASA's 150-meter meteorological tower and a wind tunnel model of the tower

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

A revaluation of the Kansas mast influence on measurements of stress and cup anemometer overspeeding

A revaluation of the Kansas mast influence on measurements of stress and cup anemometer overspeeding

Disturbed Wind Fields around the Obstacle in Sheared Flow near the Ground Surface

Shapes of annual frequency distributions of wind speed observed on high meteorological masts

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