Comparison of total phenolic and flavonoids contents in Malaysian propolis extract with two different extraction solvents

Abstract

This study is aimed to prepare propolis extracts by using two different solvents which are ethanol and water via maceration method and to evaluate the total phenolic and flavonoid components of the extract. Optimization of the extraction process was done by using different solvents and sample-to-solvent ratio. The ethanolic and water extracts were analysed for the determination of Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) by using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and Aluminimum chloride method, respectively. Based on sample-to-solvent ratio, it showed that 1:10 gave the highest percentage yield compared to other ratio for both solvents. Ethanolic extract resulted contains high phenolic and flavonoids content compared to water extract. The result showed that sample-to-solvent ratio 1:5 gave highest TPC and TFC in ethanolic extract which are 29.09 and 7.75 mg GAE/g, respectively. In conclusion, this study revealed that ethanol is the best extraction solvent to be used for propolis extraction compared to water. It is also demonstrated that higher volume of solvent does not leads to high values of TPC and TFC. The optimum extraction parameters and conditions are necessary to be obtained in order to extract high TPC and TFC.

Propolis Efficacy: The Quest for Eco-Friendly Solvents

“…G18.EE showed TPC and TFC values similar to the ones reported for G.EEs from previous years [ 22 ]. Our results showed slight differences from what was previously described [ 15 , 23 , 28 , 29 ], indicating that ethanol extraction leads to higher TPC and TFC values when compared to water extraction. Although both G18.EE and G18.EE 70 showed higher TFC values than G18.WE, the latter showed a value of TPC around five-times higher than the ethanol extracts.…”

“…Yield comparisons between different works is always uncertain since extraction procedures are usually not performed under the exact same conditions. The extraction yield mainly varies with the technique and solvent used, but also depends on a combination of several other factors such as the ratio between the sample and the solvent, the fragmentation state of the sample and the agitation, temperature and time of extraction [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Although there is an increase in yield with increasing extraction time, this increase does not imply a significant increase in the phenolic content [ 14 ].…”

“…Propolis possess compounds with very different affinities to distinct solvents, for instance, compounds with more affinity to ethanol, such as the less polar active compounds, could not be easily extracted with polar solvents such as water, and vice versa. Ethanol is, however, a solvent with great affinity for a variety of compounds of different polarity, being consequently able to achieve higher yields [ 4 , 15 ].…”

Determination of Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Malaysian Stingless Bee Propolis Water Extracts

“…Total flavonoid contents of the samples were determined using the aluminium chloride calorimetric method in [22] with slight modifications. Rutin was used as the standard and was prepared in concentrations range between 25 and 250 μg/mL to obtain the standard calibration curve.…”

EXTRACTION OPTIMIZATION PROPOLIS IN THE FUNCTIONAL DRINK OF KEPROK BATU 55 ORANGE ( Citrus reticulate Blanco)

“…This is indicated by the higher total phenol in propolis extract with a propolis: water ratio of 1:5 and 1:10 (4.88 mg GAE/g). The results of this study are by research (Mokhtar, 2019) which shows that propolis extraction using water as a solvent with a ratio of 1:5 has higher total phenols than propolis extract which is extracted using water with a ratio of 1:10 and 1:15.…”