Comparison of Timed AI After Synchronized Ovulation to AI at Estrus: Reproductive and Economic Considerations

Tenhagen, B.-A.; Drillich, M.; Surholt, Ralf; Heuwieser, W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73145-8

Cited by 79 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…When detection of oestrus is the sole method to inseminate cows, then pregnancy rates usually suffer compared with management programmes that allow for a systematic control of AI (Pursley et al, 1997;Tenhagen et al, 2004). The decline in pregnancy rate is caused by the delayed first postpartum insemination and extended interval between reinsemination in non-pregnant cows.…”

Section: Detection Of Oestrus Is Suboptimal In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decline in pregnancy rate is caused by the delayed first postpartum insemination and extended interval between reinsemination in non-pregnant cows. Tenhagen et al (2004) evaluated insemination rates in two farms in which a portion of the cows were subjected to either AI following detected oestrus or after timed AI. When cows were inseminated only after detected oestrus, then insemination rates averaged 28.6% and 55.6%; whereas when timed AI was incorporated into the breeding programme, insemination rates increased to 65.4% and 69.6%.…”

Section: Detection Of Oestrus Is Suboptimal In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the length of the oestrus cycle of dairy cows is assumed to be 21 days, it is expected that eligible cows should show oestrus and be candidates for insemination every 3 weeks. Therefore, detection of oestrus is usually calculated as the percentage of eligible cows that are inseminated for each 21-day period out of the total eligible cows in the same period.When detection of oestrus is the sole method to inseminate cows, then pregnancy rates usually suffer compared with management programmes that allow for a systematic control of AI (Pursley et al, 1997;Tenhagen et al, 2004). The decline in pregnancy rate is caused by the delayed first postpartum insemination and extended interval between reinsemination in non-pregnant cows.…”

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Synchronisation of ovulation for management of reproduction in dairy cows

Bisinotto

Ribeiro²,

Santos³

2014

Animal

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Important developments have occurred in the last two decades, since the advent of the Ovsynch protocol, on the understanding and use of synchronisation programmes for management of reproduction in dairy herds. This better understanding of oestrus cycle control associated with suboptimal reproductive performance in dairy herds has led dairy producers to quickly adopt timed artificial insemination (AI) protocols. Recent surveys have documented that fixed-time AI has become an important component of management of reproduction in high-producing herds. Furthermore, timed AI protocols have also demonstrated benefits in pasture-based milk production systems because of the ability to increase insemination rate. In general, successful use of the Ovsynch protocol requires some fundamental physiological principles to be respected, including: induction of ovulation to synchronise follicle growth in the first 2 days of the programme such that a young antral follicle is recruited; maintenance of high concentrations of progesterone during the development of the ovulatory follicle, but also effectively lyse the corpus luteum to result in very low concentration of progesterone at AI; and having a healthy pre-ovulatory follicle of moderate diameter that is highly oestrogenic and responsive to gonadotropins to synchronously ovulate 12 to 18 h after insemination. Current methods oestrous and ovulation synchronisation are still not optimal and future improvements will likely require new technologies for hormone formulation and delivery such that additional interventions are minimised to maintain acceptance by producers.Keywords: dairy cow, reproduction, synchronisation, timed AI ImplicationsConsolidation of the dairy industry with constant increase in herd size has generated the need for systematic programmes to manage reproduction. The advent of synchronisation of ovulation protocols that secure artificial insemination at a pre-established time with adequate fertility has become an integral component of breeding management in multiple production systems. The better understanding of ovarian biology of dairy cows with improved control of follicle growth and luteal lifespan has resulted in refinement of these programmes in the last two decades, providing unique opportunities to manipulate follicle development, improve oocyte quality and enhance embryo survival. IntroductionReproductive management in dairy farms has markedly evolved in the past 20 years to a great extent because of the development of synchronisation programmes that allow for fixed-time artificial insemination (AI). Early research on control of follicle development and corpus luteum (CL) lifespan aimed to develop systems that synchronise follicle growth, luteolysis and finally ovulation at a predictable time such that timed AI could be performed to optimise fertility in cattle (Thatcher et al., 1996). Initial work studying the control of follicular wave with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by Macmillan and Thatcher (1991) paved the way for the development of the O...

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Section: Detection Of Oestrus Is Suboptimal In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of Oestrus Is Suboptimal In Dairy Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchronisation of ovulation for management of reproduction in dairy cows

Bisinotto

Ribeiro²,

Santos³

2014

Animal

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“…Reprod., v.13, n.3, p.290-299, Jul./Sept. 2016 295 satisfactory P/AI, which typically improves pregnancy rates especially when detection of estrus is inefficient (Tenhagen et al, 2004) or when replacing breeding by natural service (Lima et al, 2012). Fertility of estrous cyclic and anovular lactating dairy cows induced to ovulate the first-wave dominant follicle is usually compromised (Bisinotto et al, 2010).…”

Section: Incorporation Of Supplemental Progesterone In Synchronizatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects and mechanisms of low fertility in anovulatory dairy cows

Santos¹,

Wiltbank²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2016

Anim Reprod

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Postpartum anovulation is a natural process that is observed in most mammals, including women. In lactating dairy cows, the interval from calving to first ovulation typically averages 4 to 5 weeks, but a substantial proportion of cows have not resumed estrous cyclicity by 60 days postpartum. Extended delay in resumption of first postpartum ovulation is known to exert long-lasting detrimental effects on fertility in dairy cows including the lack of spontaneous estrus and subsequent timely insemination postpartum, but when anovular cows have the estrous cycle synchronized for artificial insemination (AI), still pregnancy per AI is reduced and the risk of pregnancy loss increased. Many risk factors exist for extended postpartum anovulatory periods such as negative nutrient balance and diseases, and these risk factors are also known to depress fertility by themselves. A key feature in anovular cows when inseminated is that they develop the ovulatory follicle under subluteal or low concentrations of progesterone. Progesterone from the corpus luteum is pivotal for follicle development, oocyte competence, embryo growth, and endometrial function; however, many of these effects exerted by progesterone are mediated either by secretion of gonadotropins influencing follicular function and oocyte competence or by endometrial histotroph secretion influencing embryo/conceptus growth and developmental biology. Sub-optimal concentrations of progesterone during follicle growth in anovular cows affect morula and early blastocyst quality, alter conceptus gene expression and affect endometrial function increasing the synthesis of prostaglandin F2α . When anovular cows receive sufficient supplemental progesterone during the antral stages of development of the ovulatory follicle, then pregnancy per AI is reestablished and resembled that of estrous cyclic cows that developed the follicle during diestrus. Preliminary data suggest that a minimum concentration of progesterone during follicle growth is needed to optimize fertility in anovular cows, at least 2.0 ng/ml.

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“…For farm management the likelihood of insemination success is important for the economic outcome of breeding decisions (De Vries, 2006, Olynk and Wolf, 2009, Tenhagen, et al, 2004. For instance, when the prognosis of insemination success is low (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The utility of sensor technology to support reproductive management on dairy farms

Rutten¹

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Comparison of Timed AI After Synchronized Ovulation to AI at Estrus: Reproductive and Economic Considerations

Cited by 79 publications

References 20 publications

Synchronisation of ovulation for management of reproduction in dairy cows

Synchronisation of ovulation for management of reproduction in dairy cows

Aspects and mechanisms of low fertility in anovulatory dairy cows

The utility of sensor technology to support reproductive management on dairy farms

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