Comparison of Three-Dimensional (3D) Conformal Proton Radiotherapy (RT), 3D Conformal Photon RT, and Intensity-Modulated RT for Retroperitoneal and Intra-Abdominal Sarcomas

Estimation of Risk of Normal-tissue Toxicity Following Gastric Cancer Radiotherapy with Photon- or Scanned Proton-beams

“…values calculated in our study for the left kidney with the SFUD plans could be of clinical relevance to preserve renal function and to make treatment feasible for patients with already reduced kidney function. Similar findings were obtained in studies of sarcoma and pancreatic cancer patients for whom proton treatments were reported to provide an improved sparing of the OARs in the urinary tract (12,13). The importance of sparing the kidneys in RT-treated GC patients has also been discussed in a study involving 87 GC patients, conducted by Trip et al (14), in which the twodimensional photon-planning technique was compared with three-dimensional conformal RT and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).…”

Clinical outcomes and toxicities of proton radiotherapy for gastrointestinal neoplasms: a systematic review

“…The field of PBT has made much advancement in a relatively short amount of time. There is currently dosimetric data for each type of cancer discussed that demonstrates superiority of PBT over various other treatment techniques, including 3DCRT, IMRT, and/or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) (62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70). However, determining whether there is a clinical benefit in toxicity profiles or outcomes is a key goal of current and ongoing research, including several prospective clinical trials directly comparing PBT with other RT techniques.…”

“…Additionally, as the treatment of GI tumors often requires concurrent or sequential multimodality therapy with surgery and/or chemotherapy, PBT may be an ideal RT modality for treating GI malignancies, as it may more safely allow for multimodality therapy (72). Furthermore, because the total body integral dose has been linked to second malignancies (73), the low integral doses given by PBT, especially as compared to modalities such as IMRT or VMAT, may prove to decrease the risk of secondary malignancies (69). Further study is certainly warranted, especially in younger patients with most potential for tumor cure.…”

A Novel 3-D Segmentation Algorithm for Anatomic Liver and Tumor Volume Calculations for Liver Cancer Treatment Planning

“…Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is one of the widely used technique in radiation therapy treatment (Swanson et al, 2012). IMRT uses Computed Tomography (CT) and based on the patient's tumor size, shape and location a plan is set for the delivery of the radiation dose in three dimensions.…”

“…3DCRT offers a higher does more accurately by focusing the beams of radiation to conform to the contour of the tumor. It also prevents excessive damage to surrounding tissue by focusing the beams to the tumor region only and deliver higher doses per tissue weight to the tumor (Swanson et al, 2012). …”