“…There is insufficient data on which position the surfactant application is most effective. In a study in which three different surfactant administration positions were compared, no difference was found between positions in terms of efficacy and adverse effects (18). The patient should be closely monitored during and after the procedure for endotracheal tube obstruction, apnea, desaturation, bradycardia, tachycardia, surfactant reflux, volutrauma, hyperventilation, pulmonary hemorrhage, unilateral surfactant application, and increased risk for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA).…”