Comparison of three analytical methods for cocaine analysis of illicit powders

Campanella, Luigí; Colapicchioni, C.; Tomassetti, M.; Dezzi, Sandro

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(95)01758-5

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Previous studies (see ref 37 and references therein) have also identified the formation of compounds additional to those predicted theoretically or detected in the gas phase by means of FTIR spectrometry. These products are depicted in Figure 4B: benzoic acid (11), methyl benzoate (12), N-methyl benzamide (13), isomers of methyl cycloheptatriene carboxylate ( 14), methyl-4-(3-pyridyl)-butyrate (15), and AEME (16). The list of compounds detected in the gas phase after thermal decomposition of the street sample is compared with the list of molecules predicted by AIMD simulations and products detected in the study of Jacob et al Compounds (11−16) are indicated to be important thermolysis products of cocaine hydrochloride according to refs 37 and 38.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 In this case, the sample requires almost no preparation and the analysis provides quantitative data. These techniques have already practically replaced older techniques, for example, cocaine hydrochloride analysis by titration using perchloric acid in the environment of a nonaqueous 1,4-dioxane (weighed down by the interference of other organic bases in the sample), UV spectroscopy, piezoelectric sensors, ion-selective membrane electrodes, 16 or thin-layer chromatography. 17 Apart from chromatographic techniques, nondestructive fast-screening methods such as Raman spectroscopy are being increasingly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Decomposition of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Simulations

et al. 2021

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Examination of thermal decomposition of street samples of cocaine and methamphetamine shows that typical products detected in previous studies are accompanied by a wide palette of simple volatile compounds easily detectable by spectral techniques. These molecules increase smoke toxicity and their spectral detection can be potentially used for identification of drug samples by well-controlled laboratory thermolysis in temperature progression. In our study, street samples of cocaine and methamphetamine have been thermolyzed under vacuum over the temperature range of 350–650 °C. The volatile products (CO, HCN, CH4, C2H4, etc.) have been monitored by high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry in this temperature range. The decomposition mechanism has been additionally examined theoretically by quantum-chemical calculations for the highest temperature achieved experimentally in our study and beyond. Prior to analysis, the street samples have also been characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and melting point determination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Simulations

et al. 2021

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“…[2][3][4]9 Adulterated "street cocaine" composition has been explored by different techniques, [23][24][25][26] preferentially by the chromatographic ones, such as GC with ame ionization detection (FID), nitrogen phosphorous detection (NPD) or mass (MS) detection 2,8,27-29 and HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED), ultraviolet (UV) or MS detection. 27,28,30,31 Usually, when analytes show high molar absorptivity in the UV-vis region, their detection can easily be performed by HPLC-DAD, which is a low-cost technique and routinely available in most laboratories. Moreover, it has been assessed that the reliability of identication by modern DAD is comparable to that of low resolution MS, possessing increased sensitivity and reproducibility of the UV-vis spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a diode array high performance liquid chromatography method to determine seized street cocaine sample purity

Brancaccio¹,

Maresca²,

Albrizio

et al. 2013

Anal. Methods

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A novel, precise, specific, accurate and rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method, with diode array detection, was developed, optimized and validated to determine the drug purity of cocaine street samples seized in Italy and to characterize the adulterants. The method was performed using a C18 column, under isocratic conditions, with potassium phosphate buffer–acetonitrile as the mobile phase, at 232 nm. Linearity was studied from 0.01 to 0.50 mg mL−1, with a determination coefficient (r2) higher than 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.004 mg mL−1 and 0.01 mg mL−1, respectively. Precision was evaluated as repeatability and intermediate precision with relative standard deviations not exceeding 5%. Validation of the HPLC method was carried out following ICH guidelines. Also, the estimation of the uncertainty measurements was included. The proposed HPLC-DAD method was thus shown to be convenient and highly suitable for the routine analysis of seized samples of drugs of abuse

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“…21 The absorbance peaks for cocaine hydrochloride (0.1 mg mL À1 ) in a standard water solution occur at 238 and 270 nm. 22 Ketamine was developed by Parke Davis in 1962 as part of an effort to find a safer alternative to the anesthetic phencyclidine (PCP), which causes hallucinations, neurotoxicity, and seizures. Ketamine has a wide range of effects in humans, such as analgesia, anesthesia, hallucinations, elevated blood pressure, and bronchodilation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and on-site analysis of illegal drugs on the nano–microscale using a deep ultraviolet-visible reflected optical fiber sensor

Qiu

Hao

et al. 2012

Analyst

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A deep ultraviolet-visible (DUV-Vis) reflected optical fiber sensor was developed for use in a simple spectrophotometric detection system to detect the absorption of various illegal drugs at wavelengths between 180 and 800 nm. Quantitative analyses performed using the sensor revealed a high specificity and sensitivity for drug detection at a wavelength of approximately 200 nm. Using a double-absorption optical path length, extremely small sample volumes were used (32 to 160 nL), which allowed the use of minimal amounts of samples. A portable spectrophotometric system was established based on our optical fiber sensor for the on-site determination and quantitative analysis of common illegal drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ketamine hydrochloride, cocaine hydrochloride, diazepam, phenobarbital, and barbital. By analyzing the absorbance spectra, six different drugs were quantified at concentrations that ranged from 0.1 to 1000 μg mL(-1) (16 pg-0.16 μg). A novel Matching Algorithm of Spectra Space (MASS) was used to accurately distinguish between each drug in a mixture. As an important supplement to traditional methods, such as mass spectrometry or chromatography, our optical fiber sensor offers rapid and low-cost on-site detection using trace amounts of sample. This rapid and accurate analytical method has wide-ranging applications in forensic science, law enforcement, and medicine.

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Comparison of three analytical methods for cocaine analysis of illicit powders

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Thermal Decomposition of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Simulations

Thermal Decomposition of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Simulations

Development and validation of a diode array high performance liquid chromatography method to determine seized street cocaine sample purity

Rapid and on-site analysis of illegal drugs on the nano–microscale using a deep ultraviolet-visible reflected optical fiber sensor

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