Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Pressure and Heat-Transfer Distributions on Three Blunt Nosed Cylinders in Hypersonic Flow

Aerodynamics of inclined cylindrical bodies free-flying in a hypersonic flowfield

“…This type of separation is called shoulder separation as described in Kaufman II et al (1966), which is caused by an adverse pressure gradient because of recompressions of the flow after a strong expansion. Such a separation on cylinder's shell surface was also observed in Matthews and Eaves Jr. (1967).…”

Numerical and experimental studies of the hypersonic flow around a cube at incidence

“…The experimental results in [15] showed that beyond a certain Reynolds number (between 148 × 10 3 and 549 × 10 3 ), the strong expansion around the windward edges of a cube can cause a breakaway or shoulder separation to form. This behaviour has also been observed in hypersonic flows around cylinders [9] and 2D shapes [12]. Due to the orientation of the model in these experiments, the schlieren images (Figure 11) do not capture the density variations (such as separation and re-attachment shocks) associated with such a separation.…”

“…We also note that earlier studies [9] of the hypersonic heat fluxes in the region immediately downstream of a strong expansion corner found it very challenging to measure the heat flux in this region, possibly due to the extreme sensitivity of the flow in this region to the Reynolds number.…”

“…The development of new heating correlations designed specifically for the faceted shapes typical of satellite geometries is hampered by the fact that there is a lack of freely available highfidelity data, whether experimental or numerical, of heat fluxes to faceted shapes other than flatended cylinders (which have been extensively analysed both experimentally and theoretically in the 1960s [7,8,9,10,11]). Notable among previous studies of cylinders are the experimental studies of Matthews & Eaves [9] which identified that, at certain conditions, a separation bubble can form immediately downstream of a cylinder's sharp expansion corner. The authors suggested that the heat fluxes under the separation, and the formation of the separation itself, are both highly dependent on the Reynolds number.…”