Comparison of the Various Correlations for Spray Penetration

Hay, N.; Jones, Peter

doi:10.4271/720776

Cited by 77 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the study of spray injection, one of the parameters that affect the behavior of the spray is the density of gas in which it is injected Hay and Jones (1972), so that this density will be one of the parameters to be controlled. This forces to maintain temperature control and achieve the change in density by varying the discharge pressure.…”

Section: Test Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along the study of the injected spray, the measure of momentum flux is not only useful because it allows a deep characterization of the internal flow, but also the own behavior of the spray is controlled by this momentum flux, as determined by numerous studies on jets Hay and Jones (1972). Thus, to complement and as an aid to the analysis, a characterization model of the spray is presented just based on the momentum flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow regime effects on non-cavitating injection nozzles over spray behavior

Payri

Salvador

Novella

2011

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow

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This paper deals with the influence of flow regime (laminar, transition or turbulent) on the internal flow behavior, and how it affects the spray development in diesel nozzles. In particular, the research described here aims at studying and quantifying the internal flow regime effects on the spray behavior. With this purpose, internal flow results, based on mass flow rate and momentum flux measurements performed on three different tapered nozzles and which helped to determine the flow regime, has been taken into account as a point of departure for the spray behavior analysis. Thus, in this work, spray macroscopic visualization tests have been performed and analyzed which clearly revealed a change in the behavior of the angle and penetration of the spray related to the change of the flow nature. Moreover, with all the experimental data available, it has been possible to relate macroscopic parameters of the spray with those describing the internal flow (momentum and effective velocity) or the geometry of the nozzle (length or diameter) through correlations. A o Orifice outlet section area.C Spray penetration adjustment constant.C a Area Coefficient.D ef Effective diameter. r Inlet curvature radius.Re Reynolds number.S Spray penetration. ∆p Pressure drop across the nozzle.ρ a Discharge gas density.ρ f Fuel density.θ Spray angle.

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Section: Test Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow regime effects on non-cavitating injection nozzles over spray behavior

Payri

Salvador

Novella

2011

International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow

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“…Most diesel spray studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] have been performed to characterize certain spray parameters that represent the structure of a diesel spray. The main spray parameters are spray tip penetration, spray angle, break-up length (or intact core length), and droplet size.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Diesel Spraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative 2-D Fuel Vapor Concentration Measurements in an Evaporating Diesel Spray using the Exciplex Fluorescence Method

Kim

Ghandhi

2001

SAE Technical Paper Series

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QUANTITATIVE 2-D FUEL VAPOR CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS IN AN EVAPORATING DIESEL SPRAY USING THE EXCIPLEX FLUORESCENCE METHOD Tongwoo KimUnder the Supervision of Professor Jaal B. Ghandhi at the University of Wisconsin -MadisonTo experimentally investigate evaporating sprays under conditions experienced in high speed direct-injection (HSDI) diesel engines, the exciplex (excited state complex)laser-induced fluorescence technique and high-speed natural luminosity cinematography were applied for non-reacting and reacting diesel sprays respectively, in a combustiontype constant-volume spray chamber. The combustion-type spray chamber was developed and provides conditions representative of a diesel engine at the start of fuel injection with good repeatability.A detailed set of calibration experiments were performed in order to quantify the TMPD (tetramethyl-p-phenylene-diamine) fluorescence signal. The effects of pressure and collision partner were found to be negligible. The effect of temperature was found to increase the fluorescent yield up to 600 K, then decrease it for further increases intemperature. An adiabatic mixing model for the estimation of the temperature reduction due to vaporization allowed correction of the temperature effects, and laser beam absorption and laser spatial non-uniformity were also corrected in the final calibration procedure.ii To assess the accuracy of the calibration procedure, the fuel vapor concentration was integrated and found to agree well with the mass of fuel injected (< 10%) after the end of injection when all the liquid fuel was vaporized. Estimation of the uncertainty of the measurements was 21%.Using a density of 15 kg/m 3 the effects of three ambient gas temperatures (800, 1000 and 1200 K), three peak injection pressures (60, 90 and 150 MPa) and three nozzle hole sizes (0.14, 0.158 and 0.2 mm) were investigated based on the calibrated exciplex concentration measurements. Limited experiments were performed at 7.5 kg/m 3 .The data indicate that early in the injection event liquid and vapor coexist at the spray leading edge, however the liquid length reaches a terminal value and the vapor phase continues to penetrate. Lower ambient gas density were shown to provide faster vapor penetration and longer liquid lengths. Higher ambient gas temperatures were shown to produce a wider radial vapor extent with higher equivalence ratios and higher gradients at the edge of the jet. Distributions of the vapor concentration for higher injection pressures showed faster fuel vaporization rates and larger spray head volumes.Larger nozzle hole sizes were shown to have faster vapor-phase penetration rates and longer liquid lengths. The effects of the aforementioned parameters on the sprayspreading angle were shown to be transient in nature although as injection progressed the steady values were achieved.Natural luminosity images from reacting diesel sprays were acquired and compared with the exciplex image data to understand the equivalence ratio distribution during the ignition and in...

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“…Este tercer tipo de cavitación ha sido observado en muchas ocasiones en modelos de toberas a gran escala [31,[54][55][56], pero con menos frecuencia a escala real [39,52,54]. Este tipo de cavitación se produce debido a las bajas presiones en el centro de los vórtices del flujo que se forman en el interior del saco de la tobera.…”

Section: Según Sus Características Se Distinguen Tres Tipos O Regímenunclassified

“…A partir de este trabajo, han sido numerosos los estudios encaminados a la visualización de la cavitación en el interior de los orificios de inyección con el fin de observar cuándo se produce la aparición de ésta y qué características tiene. Estos trabajos comprenden tanto estudios con modelos transparentes a escala [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], como estudios con geometrías de tamaño real [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. …”

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Desarrollo y aplicación de la medida del flujo de cantidad de movimiento de un chorro Diesel

García¹

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Valencia, 11 de Junio de 2008Resumen El objetivo del sistema de inyección en los motores Diesel es la formación de una mezcla aire-combustible de calidad, de manera que se logre una combustión eficiente a la vez que se minimicen las emisiones contaminantes. Dentro de los parámetros que controlan el proceso de inyección y la formación del chorro, el flujo de cantidad de movimiento se presenta como uno de los más importantes. Parámetros del chorro tan importantes como penetración, ángulo o aire englobado dependen en gran medida de él. Además, desde el punto de vista del flujo interno en la tobera de inyección, la medida de este parámetro aporta mucha más información que simplemente medir el flujo másico, ya que utilizando estas dos medidas, es posible obtener parámetros tan importantes como la velocidad de salida o la sección de paso efectiva. Sin embargo, pese a su demostrada utilidad, la medida del flujo de cantidad de movimiento ha sido muy poco utilizada hasta ahora, debido principalmente a las dificultades que entraña su medida.Los objetivos alcanzados en esta tesis son básicamente dos. Primero, el desarrollo y puesta en marcha de un sistema para la medida del flujo de cantidad de movimiento, el cual está basado en la medida de la fuerza de impacto del chorro. Y segundo y más importante, la utilización de esta medida en el estudio experimental de los procesos de inyección, donde se ha mostrado como una herramienta muy útil a la hora de entender los fenómenos involucrados en el proceso de inyección. Fruto de este trabajo, se deducen importantes conclusiones acerca de la influencia de la geometría de los orificios y el fenómeno de cavitación sobre la inyección. ResumL'objectiu del sistema d'injecció als motors dièsel és la formació d'una mescla aire-combustible de qualitat, de manera que s'aconseguisca una combustió eficient al mateix temps que es minimitzen les emissions contaminants. Dins dels paràmetres que controlen el procés d'injecció i la formació del raig, el flux de quantitat de moviment es presenta com un dels més importants. Paràme-tres del raig tan importants com penetració, angle o aire englobat depenen en gran manera d'aquest. A més, des del punt de vista del flux intern en la tovera d'injecció, la mesura d'aquest paràmetre aporta molta més informació que simplement mesurar el flux màssic, ja que utilitzant aquestes dues mesures, és possible obtenir paràmetres tan importants com la velocitat d'eixida o la secció de pas efectiva. No obstant això, a pesar de la seua demostrada utilitat, la mesura del flux de quantitat de moviment ha sigut molt poc utilitzada fins ara, principalment a causa de les dificultats que n'entranya la mesura.Els objectius aconseguits en aquesta tesi són bàsicament dos. Primer, el desenvolupament i la posada en marxa d'un sistema per a la mesura del flux de quantitat de moviment, el qual està basat en la mesura de la força d'impacte del raig. I segon i més important, la utilització d'aquesta mesura en l'estudi experimental dels processos d'injecció, on s'ha mostrat com una ei...

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Comparison of the Various Correlations for Spray Penetration

Cited by 77 publications

References 5 publications

Flow regime effects on non-cavitating injection nozzles over spray behavior

Flow regime effects on non-cavitating injection nozzles over spray behavior

Quantitative 2-D Fuel Vapor Concentration Measurements in an Evaporating Diesel Spray using the Exciplex Fluorescence Method

Desarrollo y aplicación de la medida del flujo de cantidad de movimiento de un chorro Diesel

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