Comparison of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources (Res) by Poland and Latvia in the Perspective of the Environmental Objectives Set by the European Union

Abstract

The objective of this article is to present an analysis of the utilization of renewable energy sources in Latvia and Poland since their accession to the European Union (EU), and to evaluate the progress made in meeting the environmental targets established by the EU through the implementation of Directive 2009/28/EC. The analysis is based on data obtained from the "Our World in Data" database as well as government documents. The findings reveal that while Latvia has successfully met the EU requirements, Poland has yet to achieve the set targets. However, Poland efforts in the development of renewable energy sources indicate a promising trajectory, mirroring those undertaken by Latvia. These implemented measures can serve as a valuable reference for other countries in their pursuit of a greener future.

Economic and Exergy Analysis of TiO2 + SiO2 Ethylene-Glycol-Based Hybrid Nanofluid in Plate Heat Exchange System of Solar Installation

“…and a temperature of 60 °C were prepared by two-step method and checked for their stability with a Nano ZS MPT-2 Zetameter. The properties of the suspensions were experimentally examined for their flow rates in the range 𝑉 Using renewable energy sources in a diverse European climate [64] and other potential limitations and challenges in studying solar installation are broadly discussed in [65][66][67].…”

“…Furthermore, the costs associated with the electrical energy required to pump the nanofluids are, therefore, negligible. Using renewable energy sources in a diverse European climate [64] and other potential limitations and challenges in studying solar installation are broadly discussed in [65][66][67].…”