Comparison of the umbilical cord Blood’s anti-Mullerian hormone level in the newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy mothers

Abstract

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases. At present, the cause of the disease is not fully understood, but many studies have shown that PCOS is associated with genetic and environmental factors. The present study aimed to assess the umbilical cord blood’s Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) level in the newborns of mothers suffering from PCOS comparing to healthy mothers.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted on 120 pregnant women with PCOS, who were selected through Rotterdam criteria, and 60 healthy pregnant women as the control group. The subjects in each group were divided into obese and non-obese mothers according to their body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy. The cord blood samples were collected from the offsprings on the time of childbirth. Finally, the circulating concentrations of AMH in both sexes of the newborns were determined by specific assays.ResultsThe research results showed that the blood level of AMH was higher in the neonates of obese mothers with PCOS comparing to the controls (P < 0.001). Mean AMH level was higher in male neonates born from non-obese PCOS mothers than in the controls (P < 0.001); however, there was not a significant difference in the level of AMH in female neonates between these two groups (P = 0.264). Also the level of the above biomarker was higher in both sexes of the neonates belonging to obese PCOS mothers compared with the neonates born from non-obese PCOS mothers (P < 0.001).Conclusion(s)It can be said that the cord blood AMH level of neonates from obese women with PCOS is higher than that in the newborns of non-obese PCOS mothers. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the clinical findings of the present research.

Elevated Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Newborns of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Observational Studies

“…First, the history of hospital controls was not elaborated in one study [ 13 ]. Secondly, there was no reliable medical of patients provided in one prospective cohort study [ 26 ], in which the control group was recruited from another resource of population that is different from the case group. In addition, another observational study [ 24 ] recruited hospital controls instead of community controls while a reliable exposure record was absent.…”

“…Five studies were excluded for reasons after screening the full texts: 1 study was a review, 2 studies reported no AMH outcomes, and 2 studies were lack of extractable data. Finally, 6 papers including 3 case-control studies, 2 prospective cohort studies, and 1 cross-sectional study were included in this review [13,[22][23][24][25][26]. The selection process was documented with a flowchart of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Fig.…”

“…A total of 292 newborns of PCOS mothers and 574 newborns of healthy controls were reported. Three studies [23][24][25] were conducted in the Americas, 2 studies [13,22] were conducted in Europe, and 1 study [26] was based in Asia. Most studies reported maternal testosterone levels, while only two studies reported maternal fasting insulin levels [23,25].…”

“…Furthermore, there was little evidence substantiating a relationship between the exposure to maternally derived androgens and subsequent alteration of ovarian functions during reproductive life [13,[22][23][24][25][26]. Only a few studies with limited sample size had previously compared cord blood characteristics of offspring of PCOS mothers, generating conflicting outcomes.…”

“…Only a few studies with limited sample size had previously compared cord blood characteristics of offspring of PCOS mothers, generating conflicting outcomes. Several investigations reported a higher AMH in the neonates born to PCOS mothers than to control mothers [23][24][25][26], while the others reported no difference between these two groups [13,22]. By evaluating the AMH levels of newborns, the present meta-analysis and systematic review was constructed to find potential evidence of influence by the intrauterine environment.…”