Comparison of the toxicity of diesel exhaust produced by bio- and fossil diesel combustion in human lung cells in vitro

Steiner, Sandro; Czerwiński, Jan; Comte, Pierre; Popovicheva, Olga; Kireeva, Elena D.; Müller, Loretta; Heeb, Norbert V.; Mayer, Andreas; Petri‐Fink, Alke; Rothen‐Rutishauser, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.059

Cited by 65 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Briefly, 16HBE14o-cells (human bronchial epithelium airway cell line [35]) were seeded on insert membranes and cultured for 5 days before adding human MDM on top and human MDDC on the bottom of the insert. Human whole blood monocytes were isolated from buffy coats provided by the blood donation service SRK Bern and purified using CD14 Microbeads (Milteny Biotech) as described by Steiner et al [36].…”

Section: Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects in Lung Cells In Vitro of Exhaust Aerosols from a Gasoline Passenger Car With and Without Particle Filter

Bisig

Steiner

Comte

et al. 2015

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

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Exhaust aerosol from gasoline passenger cars is a complex mixture of a particulate fraction as well as volatile compounds. In contrary to the observed adverse effects of diesel exhaust particles the gasoline exhaust has, however, received little attention so far. The aim of this study was to perform a comparison of exhaust composition and biological responses from freshly produced non-filtered exhaust as well as from exhaust filtered with a noncoated gasoline particle filter (GPF). A 3D model of the human epithelial airway barrier was exposed to the exhaust directly at the air-liquid interface and different effects such as cytotoxicity, antioxidative response, pro-inflammation, and activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) were studied. In addition, genotoxicity was assessed using the Ames test. By an online analysis of the exhaust, it has been shown that the GPF efficiently filters the particle count in both the cold and warm phase when the new European driving cycle (NEDC) was applied. The lung cell tests revealed that the use of the GPF increased the antioxidative glutathionine (GSH) response as well as the proinflammatory potential, i.e., IL-8, expression, indicating increased cell stimulation by the volatile compounds alone. The removal of the particulate fraction, however, decreased significantly the AhR activation in comparison to unfiltered exhaust, and the exhaust genotoxicity was reduced as tested by the Ames test. In conclusion, GPF exhaust did not completely reduce the adverse effects of gasoline exhaust in the in vitro test and further experiments with a coated GPF are needed in the future.

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Section: Cell Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Effects in Lung Cells In Vitro of Exhaust Aerosols from a Gasoline Passenger Car With and Without Particle Filter

Bisig

Steiner

Comte

et al. 2015

Emiss. Control Sci. Technol.

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“…Pro-inflammatory responses were assessed by quantification of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor TNF-α and interleukin IL-8 by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). A detailed discussion of toxicological findings is given elsewhere (Steiner et al, 2013).…”

Section: Exhaust Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our recent study of Steiner et al (2013) in framework of the same measurement campaign the Opel engine exhaust was diluted then folds with heated filtered ambient air to expose a complex 3D cellular model of the human airway epithelium in vitro at the air-liquid interface. In parallel to exhaust exposures, identical cell cultures were exposed to filtered ambient air, which allows differentiating between exposure system and cell culture effects from purely exhaust.…”

Section: Exhaust Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Diesel and Biodiesel Particle Exhaust

Popovicheva

Kireeva

Steiner

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The complexity and large variability of transport-emitted aerosols leads to necessity of comprehensive characterization of their physico-chemical and toxicological properties, remaining great uncertainties in health effect assessments. Particles produced by combustion of fossil diesel (B0), 20% rapeseed methyl ester in fossil diesel (B20), and pure rapeseed methyl ester (B100) were sampled from exhaust of an Opel Astra diesel engine using sulfated ash, phosphorous and sulfur (SAPS) lube oil with low and high ash content. Microscopic and chemical characterization is performed to quantify the common and specific properties of diesel/biodiesel exhausts. Hydrophobic saturated aliphatic dominate diesel particle chemistry. Oxygen and nitrogen-containing functionalities are specific for more hydrophilic biodiesel particles. A full range of chemical species for individual particles is grouped by clustering technique combined with water-soluble ion measurements. Analysis of group abundance shows carbonaceous particles (soot externally mixed with inorganic salts) and inorganic fly ash (metal oxides) in a structure of exhaust, in correlation with inorganic contaminations in fuel and lube oil. Quantification of particle types in terms of physicochemical relevance supports the identification of groups which may act as biomicromarkers discriminating between diesel and biofuel exhaust and micromarkers of using high ash lube oil, thus providing a basis for correlative toxicological assessment of diesel/biofuel engine emissions.

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“…In fact, the high number density at which diesel or biodiesel particles are still emitted in urban areas are thought to exacerbate respiratory, cardiovascular, and allergic diseases due to their small respirable size, large surface area, surface reactivity, hygroscopicity, and potential toxicity (Bernstein et al, 2004;Turrio-Baldassarri et al, 2004;Müller et al, 2005;Reff et al, 2007;Popovicheva et al, 2008;Russell et al, 2009;Topinka et al, 2012;Steiner et al, 2013;Popovicheva et al, 2014a). Specifically, the toxicological properties of diesel and biodiesel PM have been studied by Libalova et al (2016) and showed that human lung cells exposed 24 h to such emission expressed deregulated genes, especially those involved in antioxidant defense and cell cycle regulation and proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Diesel/Biodiesel Particulate Exhaust by FTIR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Fuel and Driving Cycle

Popovicheva

Irimiea

Carpentier

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The growing concern about air quality and the impact exhaust particles can have on the environment has resulted in the increased use of alternative fuels. A sampling campaign from a conventional heavy diesel engine operated in typical transient cycle or steady-state condition, and running on diesel, 30% biodiesel in diesel, and 100% biodiesel was carried out. The particulate composition was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Two-step Laser Mass Spectrometry (L2MS), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), thermo-optical analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Elemental carbon is demonstrated to decrease from diesel to 100% biodiesel, in agreement with the evolution of aromatic bands and the MS abundance of C n -fragments, while organic carbon exhibits a constant level irrespective of the working regime. Aliphatic, aromatic, carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl functionalities, and nitro compounds are found to depend on the engine-working regime. Mass spectra are mainly characterized by alkyl fragments (C n H 2n+1 + ), associated to normal and branched alkanes, PAHs and their alkylated derivatives. The addition of biodiesel to diesel changes the particulate composition towards more oxygenated constituents, such as carbonyl groups attributed to methyl ester CH 3 O + fragments of unburned biodiesel. Fuel-specific fragments have been identified, such as C 3 H 7 O + for diesel, and C 2 H 3 O 2 + and CH 3 O -for biodiesel. Nitrogenized compounds are revealed by -NO 2 functionalities and N-containing fragments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was successfully applied to discriminate the engine operating conditions, with a higher variance given by the fuel, thus allowing to better evaluate the environmental impacts of alternative energy source emissions.

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Comparison of the toxicity of diesel exhaust produced by bio- and fossil diesel combustion in human lung cells in vitro

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

Biological Effects in Lung Cells In Vitro of Exhaust Aerosols from a Gasoline Passenger Car With and Without Particle Filter

Biological Effects in Lung Cells In Vitro of Exhaust Aerosols from a Gasoline Passenger Car With and Without Particle Filter

Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Diesel and Biodiesel Particle Exhaust

Chemical Composition of Diesel/Biodiesel Particulate Exhaust by FTIR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Fuel and Driving Cycle

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