Comparison of the<sup>127</sup>I<sub>2</sub>Stabilized He-Ne Lasers at 633 nm Wavelength of the National Research Laboratory of Metrology of Japan and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures

Iwasaki, Shigeo; Chartier, J. M.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/26/4/007

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For the CENAM1 laser the modulation width factor was determined during the comparison. As has been demonstrated in previous studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22], it is through knowledge of such factors and coefficients that good frequency reproducibility is likely to be achieved. Tables 4 and 5 list the frequency differences between the lasers, the former containing the raw data and the latter the results obtained from the following procedure.…”

Section: Frequency Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Table 6 presents the frequency differences of all lasers with respect to the BIPM4 stationary laser, which is usually taken as the reference. The characteristics of the latter are described elsewhere [16,23]. To evaluate these frequency differences, values were first assigned to the difference between the BIPMP3 and the BIPM4 lasers.…”

Section: Frequency Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

et al. 2002

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This paper reports the tenth set of results of a series of grouped laser comparisons from national laboratories undertaken by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) at the request of the Consultative Committee for Length (CCL), formerly the Consultative Committee for the Definition of the Metre (CCDM), for the periods July 1993 to September 1995 and March 1997 to March 2001. As with the previous nine comparisons, this one is expected to be listed as a key comparison in the context of the ongoing BIPM.L-K10 series.The results of this comparison, involving seven lasers from four countries in the Americas and the BIPM, meet the goals set by the CCDM in 1992 and in 1997 and adopted by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) the same year. The standard uncertainty (1 ) of the frequency of the He-Ne laser stabilized on the saturated absorption of 127 I 2 at λ 633 nm is reduced to a level of 12 kHz (2.5 parts in 10 11 ) when the lasers compared meet the recommended values of the parameters. The lasers were first compared with the BIPMP3 laser, with all the lasers set to the parameter values normally used in each laboratory; the results then ranged from -31.5 kHz to +10.0 kHz. After checking and correcting when possible the values of all the parameters, the range stayed about the same, -31.5 kHz to +9.1 kHz. Under the latter conditions, the average frequency difference of the group of seven lasers, with respect to the BIPM4 laser, was -4.4 kHz with a standard uncertainty (1 ) of 13.2 kHz. If the INMETRO2 laser, considered as a secondary laser, is removed from the group, then the average is -0.5 kHz with a standard deviation (1 ) of 9.2 kHz. The best relative frequency stabilities, with Allan standard deviations of about 9.3 10 -13 , 3.5 10 -13 and 1.4 10 -13 , were observed with sampling times of 10 s, 100 s and 1000 s, respectively. Results obtained with NRC and BIPM lasers over a period of five months in two beat-frequency laser comparisons and in an absolute frequency measurement lie within 1 kHz (2 parts in 10 12 ).

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Section: Frequency Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Frequency Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

et al. 2002

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“…Stability is most often expressed as the Allan variance [ll] for sampling times in the interval 1 s to 3000 s. Beyond this point, most lasers of the type considered have reached a flicker-floor [4]. Unfortunately, during this comparison, all the Allan variance measurements had to be discarded after a problem with the data-collection equipment was discovered.…”

Section: Frequency Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of Northern European¹²⁷I₂- Stabilized He-Ne Lasers at λ = 633 nm

Chartier

Darnedde

Frennberg³

et al. 1992

Metrologia

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An international comparison of 12712 He-Ne stabilized lasers, used as length standards, has been made. Five laboratories from Sweden, Denmark (two laboratories), Finland and Germany were represented. In addition, two lasers from the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures took part in order to relate the results to earlier comparisons. The reproducibility of the frequency mean of the four components d, e, f and g in the transition R(127)ll-5 in iodine 127 for the different lasers was found to be 15 kHz, taken as the standard deviation of the distribution of frequency among the group of ten lasers. Using laser BIPM4 as reference the frequency average of the group of lasers was +3,6 kHz, making this a good reference laser for the current ensemble. Measurements of frequency dependence on modulation amplitude, iodine pressure and, for some lasers, intracavity power are reported. The relative frequency partition of the four components d, e, f and g of each laser was also determined and shown to exhibit characteristics which are new for this type of stabilized laser.

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“…The very first formal comparison termed BIPM.L‐K10 was performed from 1989 till 2000 . The frequency standards compared were iodine‐stabilized He–Ne lasers (see Section 4.3 below) operated by 46 NMIs all over the world.…”

Section: Optical Frequency Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optical Frequency Standards for the Realization of the Meter

Matus

Haas

2018

Annalen der Physik

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Optical-frequency standards with various levels of performance are indispensable in metrology and have many applications from length measurement to atomic clocks and much more. The evolution of optical-frequency standards has been considerable. Originally introduced as primary realizations for the meter, they have evolved to optical clocks, which surpass the uncertainty and stability of microwave clocks. Herein, the status of the development of optical-frequency standards as far as length metrology is concerned is reviewed, giving a broad overview of the historical context, as well as an outlook about future evolution.

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Comparison of the¹²⁷I₂Stabilized He-Ne Lasers at 633 nm Wavelength of the National Research Laboratory of Metrology of Japan and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

Intercomparison of Northern European¹²⁷I₂- Stabilized He-Ne Lasers at λ = 633 nm

The Optical Frequency Standards for the Realization of the Meter

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Comparison of the127I2Stabilized He-Ne Lasers at 633 nm Wavelength of the National Research Laboratory of Metrology of Japan and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures

Cited by 26 publications

References 9 publications

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with127I2at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with127I2at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

Intercomparison of Northern European127I2- Stabilized He-Ne Lasers at λ = 633 nm

The Optical Frequency Standards for the Realization of the Meter

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Comparison of the¹²⁷I₂Stabilized He-Ne Lasers at 633 nm Wavelength of the National Research Laboratory of Metrology of Japan and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

International comparisons of He-Ne lasers stabilized with¹²⁷I₂at 633 nm (July 2000). Part X: Comparison of INMETRO (Brazil), INTI (Argentina), NRC-INMS (Canada), CENAM (Mexico), and BIPM lasers at 633 nm

Intercomparison of Northern European¹²⁷I₂- Stabilized He-Ne Lasers at λ = 633 nm