Comparison of the structure and flexural properties of Moso, Guadua and Tre Gai bamboo

Dixon, Patrick; Ahvenainen, Patrik; Aijazi, Arfa; Chen, S.H.; Lin, Shaoting; Augusciak, P.K.; Borrega, Marc; Svedström, Kirsi; Gibson, Lorna

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.042

Cited by 89 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…If the relative differences are small, however, the methods will not show the same differences in relative crystallinity. This negative cc cellulose/glucose content, NMR nuclear magnetic resonance, PL plant material, WD unprocessed wood material, PP processed pulp, MCC microcrystalline cellulose, PT perpendicular transmission, ST symmetrical transmission, SR symmetrical reflection a Dixon et al (2015) b Borrega et al (2015) c Parviainen et al (2014) d Testova et al (2014) e Leppänen et al (2009) f Approximate cellulose content g Jeoh et al (2007) Cellulose (2016) As shown in the result section, differences in sample crystallinity values obtained with the Segal method can also be due to differences in crystallite sizes. A positive correlation between the crystallite size and the Segal crystallinity value has also been shown by Nam et al (2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples of low-and medium-density balsa (86 and 159 g/cm 3 , respectively) , spruce-pine sulphite pulp and nata de coco (Parviainen et al 2014), birch pulp (Testova et al 2014), bamboo (Dixon et al 2015), and MCC from birch sulphite, poplar kraft and cotton linters (Leppänen et al 2009) were analyzed. The published properties of these samples are summarized in Online Resource 1.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of sample crystallinity determination methods by X-ray diffraction for challenging cellulose I materials

2016

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Cellulose crystallinity assessment is important for optimizing the yield of cellulose products, such as bioethanol. X-ray diffraction is often used for this purpose for its perceived robustness and availability. In this work, the five most common analysis methods (the Segal peak height method and those based on peak fitting and/or amorphous standards) are critically reviewed and compared to two-dimensional Rietveld refinement. A larger (n ¼ 16) and more varied collection of samples than previous studies have presented is used. In particular, samples (n ¼ 6) with low crystallinity and small crystallite sizes are included. A good linear correlation (r 2 ! 0:90) between the five most common methods suggests that they agree on large-scale crystallinity differences between samples. For small crystallinity differences, however, correlation was not seen for samples that were from distinct sample sets. The least-squares fitting using an amorphous standard shows the smallest crystallite size dependence and this method combined with perpendicular transmission geometry also yielded values closest to independently obtained cellulose crystallinity values. On the other hand, these values are too low according to the Rietveld refinement. All analysis methods have weaknesses that should be considered when assessing differences in sample crystallinity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sample crystallinity determination methods by X-ray diffraction for challenging cellulose I materials

2016

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“…These exposures were averaged over a time period of 60 s to improve signal-to-noise ratio. Each averaged exposure was corrected as described in Dixon et al (2015). The ambient relative humidity was between 19.2 and 31.3% and the ambient temperature was between 28.7 and 29.3 C during the measurements.…”

Section: Wide-angle X-ray Scattering (Waxs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the recrystallisation of amorphous xylitol using Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering

Palomäki

Ahvenainen

Ehlers

et al. 2016

International Journal of Pharmaceutics

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Chemical compounds studied in this article: Xylitol (PubChem CID 6912) Silica (PubMed CID 24261) Ibuprofen (PubChem CID 3672) Indomethacin (PubChem CID 3715) Keywords:Amorphous Crystallization Raman spectrometry Wide-angle X-ray scattering Xylitol Non-ordered mesoporous silica A B S T R A C TIn this paper we present a fast model system for monitoring the recrystallization of quench-cooled amorphous xylitol using Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The use of these two methods enables comparison between surface and bulk crystallization. Non-ordered mesoporous silica micro-particles were added to the system in order to alter the rate of crystallization of the amorphous xylitol. Raman measurements showed that adding silica to the system increased the rate of surface crystallization, while X-ray measurements showed that the rate of bulk crystallization decreased. Using this model system it is possible to measure fast changes, which occur in minutes or within a few hours. Raman-spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering were found to be complementary techniques when assessing surface and bulk crystallization of amorphous xylitol.

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“…The modulus of rupture showed a better relationship with the area damaged by the winds per clone, followed by the modulus of elasticity and compression parallel to grain, respectively. The modulus of rupture showed a relationship with the cell wall fraction and basic density (Longui et al, 2014;Dixon et al, 2015), parameters that also showed high correlation with the area damaged by the winds per clone. This showed how wind resistance was the result of a set of wood characteristics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of eucalyptus clones subject to wind damage

Zanuncio

Carvalho

Carneiro

et al. 2017

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to test a new methodology to assess the resistance of trees to wind damage and determine the characteristics that increase clone resistance to winds. Tree resistance to breakage, basic density, ultrastructure, anatomy, mechanical properties, and wood growth stress have been evaluated in seven Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla clones, collected from a region with a high incidence of wind damage. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the tree resistance to breakage and the ratio between the area damaged by the winds and the total planted area was -0.839, showing the efficiency of the methodology adopted and that high breaking strength results in a smaller area affected by wind damage. Trees with a high basic density, cell wall fraction, modulus of elasticity of the middle lamella and fibers, fiber hardness, modulus of rupture, growth stress and low microfibril angle and height and width of the rays showed greater resistance to wind damage. Therefore, the selection of clones with these features may reduce the incidence of damage by winds in Eucalyptus plantations.Index terms: Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla, basic density, cell wall fraction, cell wall ultrastructure, fiber, wood. Caracterização de clones de eucalipto sujeitos a danos provocados pelo ventoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar uma nova metodologia para avaliar a resistência das árvores aos danos causados pelos ventos e determinar as características que aumentam a resistência dos clones a estes danos. A resistência das árvores à ruptura e a tensão de crescimento, assim como a densidade básica, ultraestrutura, anatomia e propriedades mecânicas da madeira foram avaliadas em sete clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, recolhidos de uma região com uma alta incidência de danos provocados pelo vento. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre a resistência à ruptura da árvore e a relação entre a área danificada pelos ventos e a área total plantada foi -0,839, mostrando a eficiência da metodologia adotada e que alta resistência à quebra resulta em baixa área afetada por danos pelos ventos. Árvores com uma alta densidade básica, fração da parede celular, módulo de elasticidade da lamela média e fibras, dureza da fibra, módulo de ruptura, tensão de crescimento e baixo ângulo microfibrilar e altura e largura dos raios apresentaram maior resistência a danos causados pelo vento. Portanto, a seleção de clones com estas características pode reduzir a incidência de danos causados por ventos em plantações de eucalipto.Termos para indexação: Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla, densidade básica, fração de parede celular, ultraestrutura da parede celular, fibra, madeira.

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Comparison of the structure and flexural properties of Moso, Guadua and Tre Gai bamboo

Cited by 89 publications

References 36 publications

Comparison of sample crystallinity determination methods by X-ray diffraction for challenging cellulose I materials

Comparison of sample crystallinity determination methods by X-ray diffraction for challenging cellulose I materials

Monitoring the recrystallisation of amorphous xylitol using Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering

Characterization of eucalyptus clones subject to wind damage

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