Comparison of the Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi S. L. Isolated From the Tick Ixodes scapularis in Southeastern and Northeastern United States

Oliver, Jr Jh; Gao, Lihui; Lin, Tao

doi:10.1645/ge-1589.1

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our understanding of the genus B. burgdorferi species complex has markedly broadened since the initial isolation of B. burgdorferi and its recognized association with Lyme disease (Steere et al., ). More than 12 genospecies have been identified and include several species well documented in the southeastern United States (Oliver et al., ; Rudenko et al., ; Clark et al., ). Oliver et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto on the Outer Banks of North Carolina

Levine

Apperson

Levin

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Summary The spirochaete (Borrelia burgdorferi) associated with Lyme disease was detected in questing ticks and rodents during a period of 18 years, 1991–2009, at five locations on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) was collected at varied intervals between 1991 and 2009 and examined for B. burgdorferi. The white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus), house mouse (Mus musculus) marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), marsh rabbit (Sylvilagus palustris), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) and six-lined racerunner (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus) were live-trapped, and their tissues cultured to isolate spirochaetes. Borrelia burgdorferi isolates were obtained from questing adult I. scapularis and engorged I. scapularis removed from P. leucopus, O. palustris and S. floridanus. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi infection was variable at different times and sites ranging from 7 to 14% of examined questing I. scapularis. Mitochondrial (16S) rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis from 65 adult I. scapularis identified 12 haplotypes in two major clades. Nine haplotypes were associated with northern/Midwestern I. scapularis populations and three with southern I. scapularis populations. Sixteen isolates obtained from tick hosts in 2005 were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi by amplifying and sequencing of 16S rRNA and 5S–23S intergenic spacer fragments. The sequences had 98–99% identity to B. burgdorferi sensu stricto strains B31, JD1 and M11p. Taken together, these studies indicate that B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is endemic in questing I. scapularis and mammalian tick hosts on the Outer Banks of North Carolina.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto on the Outer Banks of North Carolina

Levine

Apperson

Levin

et al. 2016

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Epidemiological studies often involve isolation and characterization of multiple B. burgdorferi strains from regions of endemicity (58,59,66,67,102). However, there is no simple test to determine whether a new isolate is indeed a very different strain or is similar to one of the strains previously isolated from the same region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Established Virulence Genes and Plasmids To Differentiate Borrelia burgdorferi Strains

2012

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ABSTRACTBorrelia burgdorferisensu stricto is the major causative agent of Lyme disease in the United States, whileB. gariniiandB. afzeliiare more prevalent in Europe. The highly complex genome ofB. burgdorferiis comprised of a linear chromosome and a large number of variably sized linear and circular plasmids. Many plasmids of this spirochete are unstable during its culturein vitro. Given that many of theB. burgdorferivirulence factors identified to date are plasmid encoded, spirochetal plasmid content determination is essential for genetic analysis of Lyme pathogenesis. Although PCR-based assays facilitate plasmid profiling of sequencedB. burgdorferistrains, a rapid genetic content determination strategy for nonsequenced strains has not yet been described. In this study, we combined pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern hybridization for detection of genes encoding known virulence factors,ribosomal RNA genespacer restriction fragment length polymorphismtypes (RSTs),ospCgroup determination, and sequencing of the variabledbpAandospCgenes. We show that two strains isolated from the same tick and both originally named N40 are in fact very distinct. Furthermore, we failed to detectbbk32, which encodes a fibronectin-binding adhesin, in one “N40” strain. Thus, two distinct strains that show different plasmid profiles, as determined by PFGE and PCR, were isolated from the same tick and vary in theirospCanddbpAsequences. However, both belong to group RST3B.

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“…Northern coastal California and the northeastern and upper Midwest states traditionally are recognized as the three principal regions in the United States where Lyme disease is endemic. But during the last decade, at least three Borrelia species (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto B. bissettii, and B. andersonii) were identified and already described in southeastern states (Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina) (22)(23)(24)(25)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). As many as 69% of Peromyscus gossypinus rodents, trapped in coastal localities, were proved to be naturally infected (38,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, several species of lizards demonstrated at the molecular level the presence of B. burgdorferi (8). In addition to the large groups of highly diverse strains related to Borrelia bissettii and Borrelia andersonii (22)(23)(24)(25) and a group of strains of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (J. H. Oliver, Jr., N. Rudenko, and M. Golovchenko, unpublished data) (40), a group of 16 isolates with unusual characteristics (41) The main purpose of this report is to clarify the taxonomic status of a novel group of Borrelia isolates from South Carolina (41). Our selection of the genes (rrf-rrl intergenic spacer, 16S rRNA, fla, ospA, and p66) for multilocus sequence analysis of a novel group of spirochetes was based on the availability of control sequences (in GenBank) from 13 species of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex that were necessary for comprehensive analysis and comparison.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Borrelia carolinensissp. nov., a New (14th) Member of theBorrelia burgdorferiSensu Lato Complex from the Southeastern Region of the United States

et al. 2009

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Approximately 118 Borrelia isolates were cultured from a variety of rodents, birds, and ticks collected in the southern United States. In addition to a highly diverse group of Borrelia bissettii strains and a homogenous group of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains, a group of 16 isolates with unusual characteristics was found. The isolates were cultured from ear biopsy samples of the rodents Peromyscus gossypinus and Neotoma floridana trapped at five localities in South Carolina. A multilocus sequence analysis of the rrf - rrl intergenic spacer, 16S rRNA, fla , ospA , and p66 genes were used to clarify the taxonomic status of the new group of B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates. Thirteen species of the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex were used as controls. Unique restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns of the rrf - rrl intergenic spacer region and fla gene were recognized. Unique signature nucleotides were also found in the 16S rRNA gene. A phylogenetic analysis shows that the 16 new isolates cluster together but separately from the other species in the B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex. Our data strongly support the recognition of the 16 isolates as a new B. burgdorferi sensu lato species. We propose to name this genospecies “ Borrelia carolinensis ” with respect to the place of its currently known geographic location.

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Comparison of the Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi S. L. Isolated From the Tick Ixodes scapularis in Southeastern and Northeastern United States

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Stable Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto on the Outer Banks of North Carolina

Stable Transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto on the Outer Banks of North Carolina

Detection of Established Virulence Genes and Plasmids To Differentiate Borrelia burgdorferi Strains

Borrelia carolinensissp. nov., a New (14th) Member of theBorrelia burgdorferiSensu Lato Complex from the Southeastern Region of the United States

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