Comparison of the Serum Proteins and Immune Responses of Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Infected Chickens and Ducks

Abstract

The effect of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) on the immune responses and serum proteins was investigated in six-week-old ducks and chickens. Results showed that weight loss was markedly significant (p < 0.05) from days 3 -21 (PI) in chickens and mild (p < 0.05) on days 3 and 15 PI in ducks. The antibody response obtained showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in infected chickens (IC) than those of the infected ducks (ID). While the total serum protein and serum globulin increased significantly (p < 0.05) in IC on days 7 and 14 PI, they decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in ID only on day 21 PI. The immune responses and serum protein values in this experiment X-ray showed less susceptibility of ducks when compared with the chickens. This may be related to marked anorexia and severe dehydration observed in the latter consequent upon serum concentration. Ducks could be maintaining the endemicity of Newcastle disease (ND) as reservoir host.

Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Momordica Charantia L. Fruits Induce the Phagocytosis Activity and Capacity of Rat Peritoneal Macrophages

“…The agents of host defense mechanisms activators in the presence of impaired immune responsiveness provide supportive therapy to conventional chemotherapy (Beutler 2004;Mirshafiey et al 2004). Furthermore, there has been a growing interest in identifying herbal immunomodulators ever since their possible use in modern medicine was suggested (Eze et al, 2014). In this study, the immunomodulatory effect of M. charantia was conducted in vitro by MTT reduction test at 96-well multiple.…”

“…Immunity is defined as a defense against infectious diseases or toxins by the actions of specific antibodies or white blood cells (Beutler 2004). Macrophage also enables the production of various chemical intermediates such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as inflammatory mediators that can eliminate bacteria or cause infection in the host (Mirshafiey et al 2004;Eze et al 2014). Immunomodulatory agents are used to suppress or stimulate an organism's immune response to an antigen, and these compounds are mostly obtained from plants.…”

Immunological effect of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract on vaccinated and non-vaccinated Hubbard chickens experimentally infected with Newcastle virus

“…In the Previous studies mentioned at 21 day post vaccination. Vaccinated chickens could be totally protected from highly pathogenic NDV challenge if antibody titers to the challenge virus were equal to or greater than 4log2, especially 21 days after immunization ( Eze et al, 2014 ). The mean HI titer of immunized chicken and treated with Moringa Oleifera leave extract at 21 day post vaccination was much higher than 14 day post vaccination neither in vaccinated group nor in Moringa Oleifera leave extract group.…”

http://recentscientific.com/biochemical-and-hematological-studies-effect-neem-azadirachta-indica-leaves-aqueous-extract-newcastl

“…Hyperglobulinemia may be associated with immunoglobulin formation due to immune system response of broiler chickens to vaccination against NDV, infection with NDV and administration of neem leaves aqueous extract (Zoth et al 2008;Eze et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2014), the highest value presented in broiler chickens group received vaccination plus neem leaves aqueous extract which indicates the synergistic immunomodulatory action of both of them.…”