Comparison of the Response of Doubly Fed and Fixed-Speed Induction Generator Wind Turbines to Changes in Network Frequency

Ekanayake, Janaka; Jenkins, Nick

doi:10.1109/tec.2004.827712

Cited by 563 publications

(300 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The use of WPPs to provide frequency support has been extensively investigated in [29]- [31]. Supplementary control loops are used to release inertia from a wind turbine as proposed in [30] and [31].…”

Section: Wpps Encompassing Vscmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Supplementary control loops are used to release inertia from a wind turbine as proposed in [30] and [31]. Control of wind turbines for the purpose of frequency support is often achieved by releasing the kinetic energy by increasing the power output, which relies on operating in a de-loaded state, rather than maximum power point tracking to allow a power increase [29].…”

Section: Wpps Encompassing Vscmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

Fradley

Preece²,

Barnes³

2017

13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2017)

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To reduce CO2 emissions produced by electricity generation, conventional fossil fuel power plants are being decommissioned. Renewable energy sources (RES) and interconnectors are replacing these old power plants but have different operating characteristics. A key concern as the conventional fossil fuel power plants are displaced is the reduction in system inertia. A reduction in system inertia will require faster control schemes to be implemented to prevent frequency and rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) limits from being exceeded. Frequency response schemes that can emulate inertia, often called synthetic inertia, are required and this will necessitate the need for fast controlled devices. VSC-HVDC is a desirable interface option for the power levels and controllability required to provide synthetic inertia. This paper reviews supplementary frequency control schemes applied to VSC-HVDC and co-ordinated control strategies applicable to HVDC connected systems and islanded systems.

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Section: Wpps Encompassing Vscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wpps Encompassing Vscmentioning

confidence: 99%

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

Fradley

Preece²,

Barnes³

2017

13th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission (ACDC 2017)

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“…In that case, turbines exacerbate the rate of change of frequency by first absorbing energy, but then return it to result in a lower overall dip. The turbine can instead be controlled via generator torque to drop its speed from an operating point ω H to a new operating point ω L , in response to a frequency drop, injecting the energy associated with the speed difference without re-absorption [2]. This is depicted in Fig.…”

Section: A Control Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic energy from distributed wind farms: Technical potential and implications

Rawn

Gibescu

Kling

2010

2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe)

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Abstract-This paper presents an assessment of the kinetic energy reserve that could be made available by aggregating a distributed group of wind farms. The size of reserve available for a single turbine and the range of wind speeds where it can be assumed available is computed and compared with the kinetic energy delivered by synchronous generators during typical transients. The size and availability of an aggregated reserve is then computed using wind speed data from 39 locations on and off the shores of the Netherlands. The dependence of this reserve on the area and density of sites being aggregated is presented. Finally, the aggregated reserve is compared on a statistical basis with the energy required for 87 frequency dip incidents in the European continental grid. It is concluded that although improved communications and control would be necessary, the technical potential could meet or exceed the need for inertial response forty percent of the time.

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“…The use of pitch or control strategies alternating around the optimum speed of the maximum power point to reduce the power produced [2]. Temporary frequency support during short term load miss match has also been investigated using the inertia in the rotating mass through the use of additional control measures [3]. The Spanish grid code strongly suggest inertia emulation in future codes where a suitable additional 5 % power could be supplied during the first 50 ms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency support by wind farms in islanded power systems with high wind power penetration

Persson

Chen

Carlson

2013

2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference

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Abstract-The purpose of this paper is to investigate the frequency support in low inertia systems that could be provided by a wind farm during load mismatch. Temporary instant inertia support and inertia emulation support are evaluated and compared. An improved control strategy is presented giving quick power delivery even during low wind speeds. The proposed model can support a loss of generation of 0.1 pu with a wind power penetration of 20 % without violating the 49 Hz limit. The paper presents this as a solution to allow wind turbines to act on frequency deviations in the fast manner before other production units has caught up and started to produce in accordance to the new power level required. The temporary frequency drop for a wind penetration of 50 % was improved from 47.33 Hz, for the uncontrolled case, to 49.10 Hz utilizing the suggested adaption of inertia support.

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Comparison of the Response of Doubly Fed and Fixed-Speed Induction Generator Wind Turbines to Changes in Network Frequency

Cited by 563 publications

References 1 publication

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

VSC-HVDC for Frequency Support (a review)

Kinetic energy from distributed wind farms: Technical potential and implications

Frequency support by wind farms in islanded power systems with high wind power penetration

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