Comparison of the Reflexes Elicited from Combined or Separate Stimulation of the Aortic and Carotid Chemoreceptors on Myocardial Contractility, Cardiac Output and Systemic Resistance

Stern, Shlomo; Rapaport, Elliot

doi:10.1161/01.res.20.2.214

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(16 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other reports can be criticized because the area stimulated was not well localized. Stern & Rapaport (1967) used the technique of injecting nictoine into the brachiocephalic artery and failed to obtain any responses of left ventricular contractile force as recorded using a strain gauge sutured to the myocardium. Pace (1970) however, reported a small decrease in right ventricular contractile force when nicotine was injected into the brachiocephalic artery of the dog.…”

Section: Effect Of Crushing the Carotid Bodies On The Inotropic Respomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of previous studies are conflicting, probably as a result of inadequate localization of the stimulus (e.g. Salem, Penna & Aviado, 1964;Stern & Rapaport, 1967;Pace, 1970) or inadequate control of variables such as heart rate and aortic blood pressure which secondarily influence the inotropic state of the heart (e.g. Kahler, Goldblatt & Braunwald, 1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Left ventricular inotropic responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors in anaesthetized dogs.

Hainsworth¹,

Karim²,

Sofola³

1979

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY1. Dogs were anaesthetized with chloralose and artificially ventilated. The regions of both carotid bifurcations were vascularly isolated and perfused at constant pressure with arterial blood or with venous or hypoxic blood.2. Inotropic responses were assessed by measuring the maximum rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dP/dtmax) with aortic pressure and heart rate held constant. 3. Stimulation of the chemoreceptors with venous blood from the inferior vena cava resulted in a decrease in dP/dtmax from 510 + 27 kPa. s-1 to 418 + 21 kPa.a-' (mean + s..): a change of 17.9 + 1-0% 4. In experiments in which the oxygen tension of the blood perfusing the carotid chemoreceptors was decreased in steps between 10 and 3 kPa, by use ofan oxygenator, graded responses of dP/dtmlx were obtained at each step.5. The inotropic responses to chemoreceptor stimulation were abolished by raising carotid pressure.6. The inotropic responses were abolished either by crushing both carotid bodies or both ansae subclaviae, indicating that the reflex originates from the carotid bodies and that the efferent pathway is in the cardiac sympathetic nerves.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Crushing the Carotid Bodies On The Inotropic Respomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left ventricular inotropic responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors in anaesthetized dogs.

Hainsworth¹,

Karim²,

Sofola³

1979

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is unlikely that significant chemoreceptor effects occurred since we have previously measured arterial blood gases and found no significant change in Po., Pco2, and pH with CSNS (21). Furthermore, chemoreceptor stimulation is considered to cause no change (31) or to decrease myocardial contractility (32), and therefore could not have masked the observed response. The slight bradycardia that occurred with CSNS after alpha blockade should not significantly affect the results, and furthermore, bradycardia is thought to diminish myocardial contractility (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Bilateral Carotid Artery Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent of Carotid Sinus Regulation of the Myocardial Contractile State in Conscious Dogs

Vatner¹,

Higgins²,

Franklin³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C T The effects of bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCO) and carotid sinus nerve stimulation (CSNS) on left ventricular (LV) pressure (P), diameter (D), velocity of contraction (V), rate of change of pressure (dP/dt), and cardiac output were studied in conscious dogs instrumented with ultrasonic diameter gauges, miniature pressure gauges, and aortic electromagnetic flow transducers. The effects of BCO and CSNS were also studied after autonomic blockade and were compared to similar alterations in pressure produced by norepinephrine, methoxamine, and nitroglycerin. When heart rate was maintained constant with atrial stimulation, BCO had little effect on ventricular contractility, increasing isolength systolic pressure (LV Pis.) by 36% while isolength velocity of myocardial shortening (Vt..) decreased by 12% and (dP/dt)/P fell by 8%. These effects could be explained largely by vasoconstriction, since elevating systolic pressure with methoxamine produced similar results, while norepinephrine increased Vt.. by 36% and (dP/dt)/P by 56%S. CSNS produced directionally opposite results from BCO; it decreased Pi.8 by 15%, Vt.0 increased by 11%, while (dP/dt)/P remained almost constant. These effects may be explained largely by vasodilatation since reducing systolic pressure to the same level with nitroglycerin produced similar results. When peripheral vasoconstriction was minimized by phenoxybenzamine pretreatment, BCO produced a slight positive inotropic effect (Ptso increased by 8%o, Vt.. by 4%, and (dp/ This study was presented in part at the 44th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association, Anaheim, Calif., November 1971. An

show abstract

“…Finally, Ehrhart et al (10) found a slight increase in left ventricular (LV)l dPldt and slight decrease in LV contractile force, whereas Stern and Rapaport (11) indicated that the aortic chemoreceptor reflex induced positive inotropic effects but the carotid chemoreceptor reflex induced no inotropic effect. It must be pointed out that all of these studies (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) have been performed in anesthetized animal preparations, where the unknown mitigating effects of the anesthetic and general surgery play an undetermined role in the interpretation of these data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the Myocardial Contractile State by Carotid Chemo- and Baroreceptor and Pulmonary Inflation Reflexes in Conscious Dogs

Vatner¹,

Rutherford²

1978

J. Clin. Invest.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C T The effects of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation with intracarotid injections of either nicotine, 0.2 ug/kg, or cyanide, 2 ,ug/kg, were compared with the effects ofbilateral carotid occlusion on left ventricular (LV) pressure, dPldt, and diameter in conscious dogs instrumented with ultrasonic diameter gauges and miniature pressure gauges. With heart rate maintained constant, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation increased mean arterial pressure by 27+3%, LV end diastolic diameter by 4±0.9% and LV dP/dt by 21+2%. With ventilation controlled during succinylcholine infusion, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation increased mean arterial pressure by 43+2% and dP/dt by 37+5%, values significantly greater, P < 0.01, than were observed in dogs with spontaneous ventilation. Similarly, in dogs with spontaneous ventilation after vagotomy, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation also increased dPldt by a greater amount, i.e., by 48±9%. The increases in LV end diastolic diameter were not affected significantly by either cholinergic blockade with atropine or beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Although cholinergic blockade did not affect the inotropic or pressor responses significantly, beta adrenergic blockade attenuated the pressor response and essentially abolished the inotropic response. Bilateral carotid occlusion increased mean arterial pressure and LV end diastolic diameter by similar amounts to those observed with chemoreceptor stimulation, but increased dP/dt significantly less, P < 0.02, i.e., by 13±2%. As was

show abstract

Comparison of the Reflexes Elicited from Combined or Separate Stimulation of the Aortic and Carotid Chemoreceptors on Myocardial Contractility, Cardiac Output and Systemic Resistance

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Left ventricular inotropic responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors in anaesthetized dogs.

Left ventricular inotropic responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors in anaesthetized dogs.

Extent of Carotid Sinus Regulation of the Myocardial Contractile State in Conscious Dogs

Control of the Myocardial Contractile State by Carotid Chemo- and Baroreceptor and Pulmonary Inflation Reflexes in Conscious Dogs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About