Comparison of the qualitative and quantitative optical coherence tomographic features between sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and normal eyes in dogs

Abstract

Objective To quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the retinal optical coherence tomographic features of sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and SARDS suspect dogs. Animals studied Fourteen SARDS affected dogs, 11 age‐, breed‐, and sex‐matched control dogs, and two SARDS suspect dogs. Procedures Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were used to evaluate the quantitative features, including thickness, intereye asymmetry, and longitudinal changes in retinal layer thickness and the qualitative features, including retinal architecture and vitreous haze. Results Mean outer retinal layer thickness (ORT), outer nuclear layer thickness (ONL), and photoreceptor layer thickness (PRL) were significantly lower in the SARDS group, whereas mean inner retinal layer thickness was significantly higher in the SARDS group than in the control group. While thickness values of all retinal layers did not differ significantly between paired eyes in each group, the absolute intereye asymmetries in the ORT (p < .0001), ONL (p = .008), and PRL (p < .0001) were significantly higher in the SARDS group than in the control group. Some SARDS patients and SARDS suspects had a greater PRL than the control group, and serial OCT evaluation showed an increase in PRL in one SARDS suspect. Vitreous haze severity was greater in the SARDS group than in the control group (vitreous relative intensity, p = .030). Conclusions We described the OCT features of SARDS patients and suspects. In particular, PRL thickening in the SARDS suspects might indicate an early change in SARDS. Although further studies are needed, this finding might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SARDS.

Manifestations of systemic disease in the retina and fundus of cats and dogs

“…Affected dogs present with largely normal retinal morphology, sudden blindness and abolished electroretinographic responses. Changes such as decreased outer retinal thickness, and increased inner retinal thickness may be noticeable using optical coherence tomography ( 163 ). Early in the disease, chromatic pupillometry usually reveals disrupted photoreceptor function and absent PLRs to a red wavelength of light with preserved pupil constriction driven by blue wavelength light stimulation of melanopsin in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells ( 164 ).…”