Comparison of the occurrence of antibiotics in four full-scale wastewater treatment plants with varying designs and operations

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in effluent matrices: A survey of transformation and removal during wastewater treatment and implications for wastewater management

“…34,40,52,71,72 Similar to observations with MBRs, available data indicate a slight increase in the extent of PPCP removal when sand filtration is used for post-secondary treatment (Fig. 6).…”

Occurrence, distribution and potential affecting factors of antibiotics in sewage sludge of wastewater treatment plants in China

“…In general, OD usually uses the extended aeration, which has a long SRT (20-40 days); Due to its big and batch reactor, SBR often operates with the SRT of 15-25 days; AAO usually operates with the SRT of 10-20 days; With the relatively simple process, AO possesses the relative short SRT (3-10 days). As an important parameter for activated sludge process design and operation (Batt et al, 2007;Clara et al, 2005), SRT may influence the levels of antibiotics in sludge.…”

“…For some antibiotics, especially hydrophobic antibiotics, with their limited mobility and low biodegradation in the sludge, they are prone to adsorb onto sewage sludge and more stable than those in wastewater (Baquero et al, 2008;Cruz Moreno-Bondi et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2009). Several studies have reported that many antibiotics in wastewater were considerably eliminated by sorption and transported to sewage sludge during sewage treatment (Batt et al, 2007;Beausse, 2004;Escher et al, 2011;Hörsing et al, 2011), indicating that sludge can serve as an important reservoir of antibiotics. Therefore, concentrations of antibiotics in sewage sludge can give an important indication on their pollution levels to some extent.…”

Biodegradation of sulfamethoxazole: current knowledge and perspectives

“…The synthetic compound sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most popularly prescribed and consumed sulfonamide antibiotics (Cavallucci 2007;Hruska and Franek 2012) leading to its presence in the aquatic environment via WW discharge (Avisar et al 2009;Santos et al 2010) and its frequent detection in WWs at up to microgram-per-liter levels and surface waters at nanogram-per-liter levels (Batt et al 2007;Joss et al 2005;Kolpin et al 2002;Miège et al 2009;Peng et al 2006;Yargeau et al 2007;Gao et al 2012a). At these concentrations, SMX has been found to be mutagenic but not acutely toxic to Vibrio fisheri and Daphnia magna (Isidori et al 2005) and to be phytotoxic to algae (García-Galán et al 2011) and other plant species (Hillis et al 2011).…”