Comparison of the Number of Norovirus Genome Copies in Patients and Healthy Persons

Mori, Kohji; Hayashi, Yujiro; Sasaki, Yukiko; Noguchi, Yayoi; Kai, Akemi; Morozumi, Satoshi

doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.79.521

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Here, real‐time PCR was employed for high‐specificity detection of norovirus from clinical specimens. No significant difference was observed between patients and asymptomatic carriers with the respect to the rate of norovirus‐IgA complex region/total number of norovirus using the non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney u test, and in terms of norovirus copy numbers by using t ‐test, which is consistent with previous reports . Nevertheless, it should be noted that aggregated or assembled virus particles in fecal specimens, which seemed to bind to antibodies, had sometimes been observed by electron microscopy examination .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…No significant difference was observed between patients and asymptomatic carriers with the respect to the rate of norovirus-IgA complex region/total number of norovirus using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney u test, and in terms of norovirus copy numbers by using t-test, which is consistent with previous reports. 2,3 Nevertheless, it should be noted that aggregated or assembled virus particles in fecal specimens, which seemed to bind to antibodies, had sometimes been observed by electron microscopy examination. 10 Indeed, acquired norovirus-specific antibodies in serum and IgA antibodies in breast milk were previously reported, 11,12 but information on fecal IgAs was limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asymptomatic carriers are thought to contaminate the equipment and facilitate indirect person‐to‐person transmission. Quantitative analyses comparing fecal specimens of patients and asymptomatic carriers from norovirus‐related food‐borne and nosocomial gastroenteritis outbreaks have been performed and reported previously . They suggested no significant differences in viral copy numbers in fecal specimens between the two groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Comparison between patients with norovirus‐related gastroenteritis and asymptomatic carriers with respect to distribution of antibody‐complexed viral particles and intestinal flora

Mori

Konishi

Suzuki

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Asymptomatic carriers have a major influence on the spreading of norovirus infections. The objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of patients and asymptomatic carriers affected by norovirus-related community gastroenteritis outbreaks. No significant difference between the two groups was observed in terms of the number of norovirus-antibody complexes with respect to total numbers. Principal coordinates analysis of the intestinal flora based on β-diversity analysis, revealed a different bacterial composition between patients and asymptomatic carriers, particularly regarding the genera Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, and Erwinia, as well as the Ruminococcaceae family. Although the proportional changes between these intestinal microorganisms were not sufficient to explain gastroenteritis symptoms, they represent possible markers shared by asymptomatic norovirus carriers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Comparison between patients with norovirus‐related gastroenteritis and asymptomatic carriers with respect to distribution of antibody‐complexed viral particles and intestinal flora

Mori

Konishi

Suzuki

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Both NoV and SaV infect humans via the fecal-oral route and cause family or community-wide outbreaks, mainly in the winter season. NoVs are shed in feces at a level of 10 5 to 10 9 virus particles per gram during the symptomatic phase (32,37), and viruses are continuously shed from patients after cessation of the symptoms (28,37,40). In addition, recent reports showed relatively high levels of shedding of the viruses from asymptomatic individuals (7,8,32,37).…”

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Continuous Presence of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses in Raw Sewage Reflects Infections among Inhabitants of Toyama, Japan (2006 to 2008)

Iwai

Hasegawa

Obara

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Various genotypes of norovirus (NoV) (genogroup I genotype 1 [GI.1], -2, -4, -5, -8, -11, -12, and -14; GII.3, -4, -6, -7, -10, -13, -14, and -15), and sapovirus (SaV) (GI.1 and GI.2, GII.1, and GIV.1) were detected from raw sewage from April 2006 to March 2008, while limited numbers of genotypes of NoV (GI.8, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.13) and SaV (GII.3 and GIV.1) and of NoV (GII.4, GII.7, and GII.13) were detected from clinical cases and healthy children, respectively. During the winter 2006 to 2008, a large number of sporadic gastroenteritis outbreaks and many outbreaks caused by NoV GII.4 occurred among inhabitants in Toyama, Japan. The copy number of genomes of NoV GII detected from raw sewage changed in relation to the number of outbreaks. NoV strains of the same genotypes observed in both raw sewage and human specimens belonged to the same cluster by phylogenetic analysis and had almost identical nucleotide sequences among each genotype. These data suggest that NoVs and SaVs detected from raw sewage reflect the viruses circulating in the community, irrespective of symptoms, and that subclinical infections of NoV are common in Japan. Combined surveys of raw sewage with those of clinical cases help us to understand the relationship between infection of these viruses and gastroenteritis.

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Molecular Detection of human Noroviruses in Influent and Effluent Samples From Two Biological Sewage Treatment Plants in the Region of Monastir, Tunisia

Hassine-Zaafrane

Sdiri-Loulizi

Kaplon³

et al. 2014

Food Environ Virol

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Noroviruses (NoVs) are responsible for numerous cases of waterborne and foodborne gastroenteritis every year. They are released in the sewage and their detection in this environment can reflect the epidemiology of the viral strains circulating in the community. A three-year (2007-2010) survey was conducted in order to evaluate the presence of human NoVs using RT-PCR in 518 sewage samples collected at the entrance and exit of two biological sewage treatment plants located in Monastir region, Tunisia. In this study, we aimed to genetically characterize the most prevalent GI and GII NoV strains, in order to obtain a rough estimate of the efficacy of disinfection treatments and to compare the results with clinical data documented in the same area during the same period. This work confirms the wide circulation and the genetic diversity of NoVs in Tunisia and the widespread distribution of NoV variants in both raw and treated wastewater. Indeed, NoV was detected in 192 (37.1%) sewage samples, among them mixed infections with group A rotavirus were detected in 125 (65.1%) cases. The genotypes of the GI NoVs were GI.1, GI.2, GI.4, GI.5, and GI of unassigned genotype (GI.UA), and the genotypes of the GII NoVs were all GII.12. This study enhances the currently poor environmental virological data gathered in Tunisia, demonstrates the benefit of environmental surveillance as a tool to determine the epidemiology of NoVs circulating in a given community, and underlines the need for the design and support of similar long-term studies in our country, in order to compensate for the absence of a national surveillance system for gastroenteric viruses.

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Comparison of the Number of Norovirus Genome Copies in Patients and Healthy Persons

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison between patients with norovirus‐related gastroenteritis and asymptomatic carriers with respect to distribution of antibody‐complexed viral particles and intestinal flora

Comparison between patients with norovirus‐related gastroenteritis and asymptomatic carriers with respect to distribution of antibody‐complexed viral particles and intestinal flora

Continuous Presence of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses in Raw Sewage Reflects Infections among Inhabitants of Toyama, Japan (2006 to 2008)

Molecular Detection of human Noroviruses in Influent and Effluent Samples From Two Biological Sewage Treatment Plants in the Region of Monastir, Tunisia

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