Comparison of the morphological and mechanical properties of oil Palm EFB fibres and kenaf fibres in nonwoven reinforced composites

Anuar, Noor Intan Saffinaz; Zakaria, Sarani; Gan, Sinyee; Chia, Chin Hua; Wang, Chunhong; Harun, Jalaluddin

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.09.056

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The majority of outcomes have agreed that reinforced natural fiber has a better performing load transfer mechanism, and results in higher mechanical properties [ 28 , 29 ]. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers have shown comparable quality to high strength kenaf bast fibers [ 30 ]. However, the hydrophilic nature of the EFB fiber is found to be incompatible with the hydrophobic polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

et al. 2020

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In this study, a mixture of thermoplastic polybutylene succinate (PBS), tapioca starch, glycerol and empty fruit bunch fiber was prepared by a melt compounding method using an industrial extruder. Generally, insertion of starch/glycerol has provided better strength performance, but worse thermal and water uptake to all specimens. The effect of fiber loading on mechanical, morphological, thermal and physical properties was studied in focus. Low interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix revealed a poor mechanical performance. However, higher fiber loadings have improved the strength values. This is because fibers regulate good load transfer mechanisms, as confirmed from SEM micrographs. Tensile and flexural strengths have increased 6.0% and 12.2%, respectively, for 20 wt% empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber reinforcements. There was a slightly higher mass loss for early stage thermal decomposition, whereas regardless of EFB contents, insignificant changes on decomposition temperature were recorded. A higher lignin constituent in the composite (for high natural fiber volume) resulted in a higher mass residue, which would turn into char at high temperature. This observation indirectly proves the dimensional integrity of the composite. However, as expected, with higher EFB fiber contents in the composite, higher values in both the moisture uptake and moisture loss analyses were found. The hydroxyl groups in the EFB absorbed water moisture through formation of hydrogen bonding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

et al. 2020

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“…Malaysia is a well-endowed country with oil palm and is the second largest producer after Indonesia, contributing more than 80% of the world production [3]. Oil palm is the most cultivated plant in Malaysia, with approximately 5.4 million hectares of plantation area and about 423 palm oil mills are operating in the country [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, other biomasses like mesocarp fiber, kernel shell, and empty fruit bunches come from the milling process of fresh fruit bunches [6]. In Malaysia, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) up to 22-23 million tons is abundantly generated as a residue annually [3]. As a non-wood fiber, OPEFB is considered as the cheapest natural fiber with good properties and has great potential as an alternative main raw material to substitute woody plants, which are expensive for various industries [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

et al. 2020

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is considered the cheapest natural fiber with good properties and exists abundantly in Malaysia. It has great potential as an alternative main raw material to substitute woody plants. On the other hand, the well-known polymeric hydrogel has gathered a lot of interest due to its three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked network with high porosity. However, some issues regarding its performance like poor interfacial connectivity and mechanical strength have been raised, hence nanocellulose has been introduced. In this review, the plantation of oil palm in Malaysia is discussed to show the potential of OPEFB as a nanocellulose material in hydrogel production. Nanocellulose can be categorized into three nano-structured celluloses, which differ in the processing method. The most popular nanocellulose hydrogel processing methods are included in this review. The 3D printing method is taking the lead in current hydrogel production due to its high complexity and the need for hygiene products. Some of the latest advanced applications are discussed to show the high commercialization potential of nanocellulose hydrogel products. The authors also considered the challenges and future direction of nanocellulose hydrogel. OPEFB has met the requirements of the marketplace and product value chains as nanocellulose raw materials in hydrogel applications.

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“…The amplified rate of intraparticle diffusion of the adsorbate species into the activated adsorbent pores could be another reason for improved adsorption. [37][38][39][40] Therefore, the adsorption of MB dye onto the AC cellulose beads and magnetic cellulose beads is be confirmed as an endothermic process. Economically, the contact time to reach the equilibrium point is considered an important parameter.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

FUNCTIONALIZED CELLULOSE BEADS WITH ACTIVATED CARBON Fe3O4/CoFe2O4 FOR CATIONIC DYE REMOVAL

Moosavi

Gan

Zakaria³

2019

Cellulose Chem. Technol.

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Modified regenerated cellulose beads functionalized with activated carbon (AC), as well as magnetic cellulose beads of AC-Fe 3 O 4 and AC-CoFe 2 O 4 , were synthesized. The AC was further used as adsorbent for the removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The magnetic cellulose beads possessed a high magnetic response to an external magnetic field and their ease of recovery could be facilitated with the aid of a magnetic field. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), as well as by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In comparison with the synthesized magnetic cellulose beads, the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent beads assisted with AC, AC-Fe 3 O 4 and AC-CoFe 2 O 4 was of 54, 53 and 50 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic study of the adsorption of MB dye onto the adsorbents was performed at different parameters (initial dye concentration and temperature). The kinetics of the adsorption fit well with the pseudo-second-order model.

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Comparison of the morphological and mechanical properties of oil Palm EFB fibres and kenaf fibres in nonwoven reinforced composites

Cited by 61 publications

References 28 publications

Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

Characterization Study of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fibers Reinforcement in Poly(Butylene) Succinate (PBS)/Starch/Glycerol Composite Sheet

Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review

FUNCTIONALIZED CELLULOSE BEADS WITH ACTIVATED CARBON Fe3O4/CoFe2O4 FOR CATIONIC DYE REMOVAL

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