Comparison of the Modern Reproductive Technologies for Amphibians and Reptiles

Ananjeva, Natalia B.; Утешев, В. К.; Orlov, N. L.; Ryabov, S. A.; Гахова, Э. Н.; Kaurova, Svetlana A.; Крамарова, Л. И.; Шишова, Н. В.; Browne, Robert K.

doi:10.30906/1026-2296-2019-24-4-275-290

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Considerable taxonomic, morphological, allozyme, karyological, osteological, and ethological research has been conducted on the charismatic Phrynocephalus of Central Asia (for a brief review on history of phylogenetic studies of the genus Phrynocephalus see Supplemental Information 1 ). Regardless the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships within the toad-headed agamas remain controversial and largely unresolved ( Ananjeva & Tuniev, 1992 ; Arnold, 1999 ; Macey et al, 1993 ; Dunayev, 1996b ; Golubev, 1993 ; Zhao & Adler, 1993 ; Pang et al, 2003 ; Ananjeva et al, 2006 ; Solovyeva et al, 2011 , Solovyeva, Dunayev & Poyarkov, 2012 ; and references therein). Hypothesis-testing can help deduce their origin, diversification and dispersal ( Guo & Wang, 2007 ; Melville et al, 2009 ; Solovyeva et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic aridization in Central Eurasia shaped diversification of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus; Agamidae, Reptilia)

Solovyeva

Lebedev

Dunayev

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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We hypothesize the phylogenetic relationships of the agamid genus Phrynocephalus to assess how past environmental changes shaped the evolutionary and biogeographic history of these lizards and especially the impact of paleogeography and climatic factors. Phrynocephalus is one of the most diverse and taxonomically confusing lizard genera. As a key element of Palearctic deserts, it serves as a promising model for studies of historical biogeography and formation of arid habitats in Eurasia. We used 51 samples representing 33 of 40 recognized species of Phrynocephalus covering all major areas of the genus. Molecular data included four mtDNA (COI, ND2, ND4, Cytb; 2,703 bp) and four nuDNA protein-coding genes (RAG1, BDNF, AKAP9, NKTR; 4,188 bp). AU-tests were implemented to test for significant differences between mtDNA- and nuDNA-based topologies. A time-calibrated phylogeny was estimated using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock with nine fossil calibrations. We reconstructed the ancestral area of origin, biogeographic scenarios, body size, and the evolution of habitat preference. Phylogenetic analyses of nuDNA genes recovered a well-resolved and supported topology. Analyses detected significant discordance with the less-supported mtDNA genealogy. The position of Phrynocephalus mystaceus conflicted greatly between the two datasets. MtDNA introgression due to ancient hybridization best explained this result. Monophyletic Phrynocephalus contained three main clades: (I) oviparous species from south-western and Middle Asia; (II) viviparous species of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP); and (III) oviparous species of the Caspian Basin, Middle and Central Asia. Phrynocephalus originated in late Oligocene (26.9 Ma) and modern species diversified during the middle Miocene (14.8–13.5 Ma). The reconstruction of ancestral areas indicated that Phrynocephalus originated in Middle East–southern Middle Asia. Body size miniaturization likely occurred early in the history of Phrynocephalus. The common ancestor of Phrynocephalus probably preferred sandy substrates with the inclusion of clay or gravel. The time of Agaminae radiation and origin of Phrynocephalus in the late Oligocene significantly precedes the landbridge between Afro-Arabia and Eurasia in the Early Miocene. Diversification of Phrynocephalus coincides well with the mid-Miocene climatic transition when a rapid cooling of climate drove progressing aridification and the Paratethys salinity crisis. These factors likely triggered the spreading of desert habitats in Central Eurasia, which Phrynocephalus occupied. The origin of the viviparous Tibetan clade has been associated traditionally with uplifting of the QTP; however, further studies are needed to confirm this. Progressing late Miocene aridification, the decrease of the Paratethys Basin, orogenesis, and Plio–Pleistocene climate oscillations likely promoted further diversification within Phrynocephalus. We discuss Phrynocephalus taxonomy in scope of the new analyses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic aridization in Central Eurasia shaped diversification of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus; Agamidae, Reptilia)

Solovyeva

Lebedev

Dunayev

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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“…The issues of cost and genetic deterioration have provided an impetus to develop novel tools for managing economics and problems with inbreeding in captive populations. Biobanks (frozen living cell repositories of germ cells, embryos and somatic tissues for use in conservation genetic management) in conjunction with ARTs to utilise this stored genetic material have been proposed as a strategy to reduce holding requirements, labour and other costs needed to run captive breeding programmes (Ananjeva et al, 2017;Clulow & Clulow, 2016;Holt, Bennett, Volobouev, & Watwon, 1996;Silla & Byrne, 2019). Recent advances in successful biobanking and ARTs for amphibians over the past decade has resulted in the ability to hormonally induce gamete release (Clulow et al, 2018), freeze and store sperm long-term (Browne et al, 2019;Clulow & Clulow, 2016;Clulow et al, 2014;Kouba et al, 2013;Kouba, Vance, & Willis, 2009) and routinely perform in vitro fertilisations (IVF) (Clulow & Clulow, 2016;Clulow et al, 2014;Kouba et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Integrating biobanking minimises inbreeding and produces significant cost benefits for a threatened frog captive breeding programme

Howell

Frankham

Rodger

et al. 2020

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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Captive breeding is an integral part of global conservation efforts despite high costs and adverse genetic effects associated with unavoidably small population sizes. Supplementing captive-bred populations with biobanked founder sperm to restore genetic diversity offers a solution to colony size, costs and inbreeding, yet is rarely done, partly due to a lack of concrete examples or awareness amongst the conservation community of the huge potential benefits. We present a model system of the cost and genetic benefits achieved by incorporating biobanking into captive breeding of Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa). Backcrossing with frozen sperm every generation resulted in very large reductions in required programme expenditure compared to traditional captive breeding. This model supports the view that integration of biobanking into captive breeding would make longstanding and previously unachievable genetic diversity retention targets feasible (90% source population heterozygosity for a minimum of 100 years) at much reduced costs. This study suggests that the credibility of captive breeding as a conservation strategy would be enhanced by integrating genome storage and assisted breeding to produce far larger numbers of animals of higher genetic quality. This innovation would justify increased public and agency support for captive breeding.

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“…In captivity, however, the quality of sperm is highly variable and can be influenced by a suite of factors including source population origin and reproductive technologies (Browne et al, 2015; Poole & Grow, 2012). For this reason, while a better understanding of sperm quality has gained attention, the production of high‐quality sperm remains an issue for captive breeding programs despite the significant efforts made (Ananjeva et al, 2017; Silla & Byrne, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age on sperm quality metrics in endangered Mississippi gopher frogs (Lithobates sevosus) from captive populations used for controlled propagation and reintroduction efforts

et al. 2021

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A decline in sperm quality with age is a common prediction of senescence‐based hypotheses and empirical studies. While widely studied across taxa, there is little known on the effect of ageing on sperm quality in amphibians, especially in captive populations used for controlled propagation and reintroduction efforts. Here, we investigated variation in sperm quality metrics (i.e., motility, concentration, and morphology) in the endangered Mississippi gopher frog (Lithobates sevosus) among males of three age categories using individuals from captive breeding populations housed at three different zoological institutions. Different aged males across the species expectant lifespan (1–9, 1–2, 3–4, and 8–9‐year‐old subcategories) were chosen in an attempt to identify an optimal breeding age relevant for captive breeding programs. Moreover, we explored and statistically controlled for potential differences in sperm quality which may be attributed to the type of induction hormones and source populations that differed among institutions. Results indicated that males of different ages did not differ in sperm motility or concentration. However, we did find that older males (8–9 years old) had significantly longer sperm than other age categories and younger males (1–2 years old) had significantly more atypical sperm than other age categories. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in any sperm quality metrics between the different induction hormones or source populations used at the different institutions. Within a captive breeding program, this information is especially valuable as our results indicate that males that have only recently sexually matured may not be ready to breed, while older males maintain sperm quality metrics presumably related to fertilization success.

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Comparison of the Modern Reproductive Technologies for Amphibians and Reptiles

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Cenozoic aridization in Central Eurasia shaped diversification of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus; Agamidae, Reptilia)

Cenozoic aridization in Central Eurasia shaped diversification of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus; Agamidae, Reptilia)

Integrating biobanking minimises inbreeding and produces significant cost benefits for a threatened frog captive breeding programme

Effects of age on sperm quality metrics in endangered Mississippi gopher frogs (Lithobates sevosus) from captive populations used for controlled propagation and reintroduction efforts

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