“…In a civilian setting, researchers have reported that exaggeration of symptoms and poor effort on neurocognitive measures is common following MTBI (Ardolf, Denney, & Houston, 2007;Binder & Rohling, 1996;Larrabee, 2005;Mittenberg, Patton, Canyock, & Condit, 2002). Poor effort has been shown to be associated with exaggeration of self-reported symptoms (Boone & Lu, 1999;Gervais, Ben-Porath, Wygant, & Green, 2008;Gervais, Rohling, Green, & Ford, 2004;Henry, Heilbronner, Mittenberg, Enders, & Domboski, 2009;Larrabee, 2003aLarrabee, , 2003bSuhr, Hammers, Dobbins-Buckland, Zimak, & Hughes, 2008;Suhr, Tranel, Wefel, & Barrash, 1997;Tsanadis et al, 2008;Tsanadis, Montoya, Millis, Hanks, & Fichtenberg, 2007;Wygant et al, 2007) and lower neurocognitive test scores (Fox, 2011;West, Curtis, Greve, & Bianchini, 2011). Of particular mention, some researchers have demonstrated that poor effort alone accounts for more than 50% of the variance in cognitive test performance (Green, Rohling, Lees-Haley, & Allen, 2001;Meyers, Volbrecht, Axelrod, & Reinsch-Boothby, 2011), and that the effects of MTBI are very small in comparison to the effects of poor effort on neurocognitive measures (Brenner, Vanderploeg, & Terrio, 2009;Constantinou, Bauer, Ashendorf, Fisher, & McCaffrey, 2005;Green et al, 2001;Stevens, Friedel, Mehren, & Merten, 2008).…”