Comparison of the mechanical properties of rice husk powder filled polypropylene composites with talc filled polypropylene composites

Premalal, Hattotuwa G.B.; Ismail, Hanafi; Baharin, A.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(02)00018-1

Cited by 404 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The performance of vegetable reinforcing fillers is widely investigated as such materials are biodegradable and non toxic, have a low-cost on volume basis, lower specific gravity of plastics relative to mineral fillers, and cause less abrasion during processing (Premalal et al 2002;Yang et al 2004). The most often used wood species for production of wood plastic composites (WPCs) are pine, oak and maple (Wolcott and Englund 1999;Ashori and Nourbakhsh 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most important commercial thermoplastics. It has good mechanical and thermal properties, and low density and low melting temperature (Son et al 2001;Premalal et al 2002;Yang et al 2004;Bledzki and Faruk 2005;Arbelaiz et al 2006;Ashori and Nourbakhsh 2010;Lee et al 2012). However, there is a phase incompatibility between the hydrophobic PP matrix (low surface energy) and the hydrophilic wood flour (high surface energy) (Maldas and Kokta 1993;Kazayawoko et al 1999;Dominkovics et al 2007), with weak interfacial adhesion between them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Askanian¹,

Verney

Commereuc³

et al. 2014

Holzforschung

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Abstract:Composites have been prepared with polypropylene (PP) as a matrix and pine flours, either thermally treated (W tr ) or not (W), as fillers resulting in wood plastic composites (WPCs). The treatment by retification at 280° mainly elevates the hydrophobicity of wood. The WPCs were fabricated with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with the screw speeds of 500 and 1200 rpm and specimens were prepared by injection molding. Viscoelastic behavior, tensile test and Charpy impact test of W tr PC were compared with PP and WPC. W tr PC has a better dispersion and highest tensile modulus. As expected, a decrease in elongation at break and impact strength was observed for all composites. Processing at 1200 rpm improved by 60% the Young modulus of the WPC compared to 500 rpm, whereas 500 rpm was enough to obtain the highest modulus for W tr PC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Askanian¹,

Verney

Commereuc³

et al. 2014

Holzforschung

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“…Lignocellulosic plastic composites constitute an important set within this kind of materials showing several advantages over traditional mineral-filled plastic composites: low density, low production costs, biodegradability, renewability, etc. Stiffness, hardness and dimensional stability of plastics have also been improved by incorporation of lignocellulosic fillers 1,2 . However, the use of agro-fibers shows some drawbacks such as degradation at relatively low temperature due to the presence of cellulose and hemicellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the properties of rice-husk-filled-PP composites: effect of maleated PP

et al. 2009

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Rice husk is a by-product of rice milling process that usually finds inadequate final disposal (burning, land filling). Thermoplastics composites filled with rice husk flour are materials that offer an alternative for using this agricultural resource viewing the production of low dense materials with some specific properties. In this work composites of polypropylene (PP) and rice husk flour (RHF) were prepared by melt extrusion. Maleic anhydridemodified PP (MAPP) was added as a coupling agent. It was verified that tensile strength decreased with filler loading. The presence of MAPP improved this property showing a strong dependence on the MAPP/RHF ratio (MAPP/RHF = 0.03 produced the best results). The density of the composites slightly increased with filler and coupling agent in comparison to pure PP. The presence of MAPP diminished more than 20% water uptake in highly-loaded composites.

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“…Therefore, they have been widely used as reinforcements for thermoplastic composites [2][3][4][5]. The addition of wood flour to neat thermoplastics can greatly stiffen them, but makes them more brittle at the same time [2,6,7]. Compatibilizers such as maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) played an important role in improving the compatibility and bonding strength between hydrophilic wood flour and hydrophobic thermoplastics [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/clay/wood flour nanocomposites

Lee

Kang

Doh

et al. 2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Nanocomposites with polypropylene/clay/wood flour were prepared by melt compounding. Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties were characterized. The addition of clay, compatibilizer and wood flour considerably improved the thermal stability (i.e., decomposition and melting temperatures) of the hybrids. The tensile modulus and strength of most hybrids were highly increased with the increased loading of clay, MAPP and wood flour, compared to the hybrids without wood flour. The wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns showed the increased d-spacing of clay layers, indicating enhanced compatibility between PP and clay with the addition of maleated polypropylene (MAPP). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photomicrographs illustrated the intercalated and partially exfoliated structures of the hybrids with clay, MAPP and wood flour.

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Comparison of the mechanical properties of rice husk powder filled polypropylene composites with talc filled polypropylene composites

Cited by 404 publications

References 16 publications

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties

Studies on the properties of rice-husk-filled-PP composites: effect of maleated PP

Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/clay/wood flour nanocomposites

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