Comparison of the Lipid Composition of Oat Root and Coleoptile Plasma Membranes

Sandstrom, Richard P.; Cleland, Robert E.

doi:10.1104/pp.90.3.1207

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…So far there seem to be large differences between the plasma membrane lipid composition of the same plant organ from different species (14,23,25) and also between different organs within one species (23,25). Two lipid analyses of oat root plasma membranes have been reported (10,25). Of these the data from the analyses of Sandstrom and Cleland (25) show striking similarities with the lipid composition of plasma membranes from the nonacclimated oat of the present investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Lipids of Plasma Membranes Prepared from Oat Root Cells

Norberg¹,

Liljenberg²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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Plasma membranes were isolated from oat (Avena sativa) roots by the phase-partitioning method. The membranes were exposed to repeated periods of moderate water-deficit stress, and a waterdeficit tolerance was induced (acclimated plants). The plasma membranes of the controls (nonacclimated plants) were characterized by a high phospholipid content, 79% of total lipids, cerebrosides (9%) containing hydroxy fatty acids (>90% 24:1-OH) and free sterols, acylated sterylglucosides, sterylglucosides, and steryl esters, together amounting to 12%. Major phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine with lesser amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid. After the membranes were acclimated to dehydration, the lipid to protein ratio decreased from 1.3 to 0.7 micromoles per milligram. Furthermore, the cerebrosides decreased to 5% and free sterols increased from 9% (nonacclimated plants) to 14%. Because the total phospholipids did not change significantly, the free sterol to phospholipid ratio increased from 0.12 to 0.19. There was no change in the relative distribution of sterols after acclimation. The ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine changed from 1.1 in the nonacclimated plants to 0.69 in the acclimated plants. The results show that acclimation to dehydration implies substantial alterations in the lipid composition of the plasma membrane.Lipids play a fundamental role in determining the physical and chemical properties of biomembranes. The total cellular metabolic activity is affected by permeability, transfer activity, enzyme reactions, and lipid phase transition characteristics of the membranes. Plant cell membranes are dynamic with composition changing with the developmental stage (1 1, 30) and with variation in environment (1 2, 14, 31). Ofthe cellular membranes the plasma membrane, by its localization limiting the cytoplasm, is the initial critical target when the cells are exposed to abiotic environmental stress. However, information concerning lipid composition of plant cell plasma membranes is quite limited because of difficulties in isolating plasma membranes with a high degree of purity and in quantities needed for detailed studies.Water water stress and changed membrane lipid composition (12,13,19,28). Oat (Avena sativa) plants repeatedly exposed to a moderate water-deficit stress followed by a recovery period of rewatering will induce tolerance against subsequent exposure to a prolonged water stress period (P. Norberg and C. Liljenberg, unpublished data). The repeated stress cycle which is regarded as an acclimation process to dehydration is characterized by prolonged survival and prolonged continued growth ofthe roots as compared with the nonacclimated plants during exposure to a long period of severe stress. Furthermore, the root cell membranes had reduced permeability as measured by ion leakage. The roots of the acclimated plants had a lower relative water content as well as absolute water content compared with the controls...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids of Plasma Membranes Prepared from Oat Root Cells

Norberg¹,

Liljenberg²

1991

Plant Physiol.

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“…Specifically, PC is the major phospholipid component (ca. 30-35%) in the plasma membrane (10,14) and activated ATPase activity (Table I) (10). Although previous studies have examined the requirement of phospholipids to induce the ATPase activity using delipidated membrane vesicles (2), in this study we have completely solubilized the ATPase with a two-step procedure using deoxycholate and zwittergent prior to lipid additions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism for the Activation of Plasma Membrane H⁺-ATPase from Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Culture Cells by Molecular Species of a Phospholipid

Kasamo¹

1990

Plant Physiol.

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The activation of H+-ATPase solubilized from plasma membrane of rice (Oryza sativa L. var Nipponbare) culture cells was examined by the exogenous addition of various phospholipids, free fatty acids, glycerides, polar head groups of phospholipids and molecular species of phosphatidylcholine (PC). H+-ATPase activity appeared to be stimulated by phospholipids in the following order: asolectin > phosphatidylserine > PC > lysophosphatidylcholine > phosphatidylglycerol, and maximal ATPase activation was noted at around 0.05 to 0.03% (w/v) of asolectin or molecular species of PC. Polar head groups such as glycerol, inositol, and serine only slightly activated ATPase activity or not at all, while ethanolamine and choline had no effect. Activation was dependent on the degree of saturation or unsaturation of the fatty acyl chain and its length. The plasma membrane of plant cells contains a H+-ATPase which produces a proton electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane, thereby providing the driving force for transporting nutrients into cells (19,20). Acidification stimulated by auxin may also cause the loosening required for cell enlargement, suggesting that the plasma membrane H+-ATPase is involved in auxin action (13). The mechanism for regulation of the ATPase by auxin is unknown (17). In our previous paper (10) and other reports (2,3,18), plasma membrane H+-ATPase was shown to require phospholipids for its activation, indicating that its activity may be regulated by interactions between this protein and the phospholipid environment in the plasma membrane. However, the effects

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“…Although the presence of PA is often inferred to be a consequence of phospholipase D activity (Gilliard, 1974;Sandstrom and Cleland, 1989), severa1 precautions were taken to minimize phospholipase D activity during isolation of the plasma membrane lipids (addition of EGTA and EDTA, as chelators of Ca2+ and Mgz+, and KF, as an inhibitor of PA phosphatase, to the homogenizing medium; isolation of the plasma membrane at OOC; and using isopropanol instead of methanol in the lipid extraction). Although it is possible that these procedures do not completely preclude the degradation of PL by phospholipase D, it has been suggested that PA is a natural constituent of the plasma membrane (Yoshida and Uemura, 1986;Rochester et al, 1987 (Tables IV and V).…”

Section: Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition Of Leaves Of Nonacclimatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Contrast of the Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition of Oat and Rye Leaves in Relation to Freezing Tolerance

1994

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l h e lipid composition of the plasma membrane isolated from leaves of spring oat (Avena safiva 1. cv Ogle) was vastly different from that of winter rye (Secale cereale 1. cv Puma). l h e plasma membrane of spring oat contained large proportions of phospholipids (28.8 mol% of the total lipids), cerebrosides (27.2 mol%), and acylated sterylglucosides (27.3 mol%) with lesser proportions of free sterols (8.4 mol%) and sterylglucosides (5.6 mol%). In contrast, the plasma membrane of winter rye contained a greater proportion of phospholipids (36.6 mol%), and there was a lower proportion of cerebrosides (16.4 mol%); free sterols (38.1 mol%) were the predominant sterols, with lesser proportions of sterylglucosides (5.6 mol%) and acylated sterylglucosides (2.9 mol%). Although the relative proportions of individual phospholipids, primarily phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and the molecular species of these two phospholipids were similar in oat and rye, the relative proportions of di-unsaturated species of these two phospholipids were substantially lower in oat than in rye. l h e relative proportions of sterol species in oat were different from those in rye; the molecular species of cerebrosides were similar in oat and rye, with only slight differences in the proportions of the individual species. After 4 weeks of cold acclimation, the proportion of phospholipids increased significantly in both oat (from 28.8 to 36.8 mol%) and rye (from 36.6 to 43.3 mol%) as a result of increases in the proportions of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. For both oat and rye, the relative proportions of di-unsaturated species increased after cold acclimation, but the increase was greater in rye than in oat. In both oat and rye, this increase occurred largely during the first week of cold acclimation. During the 4 weeks of cold acclimation, there was a progressive decrease in the proportion of cerebrosides in the plasma membrane of rye (from 16.4 to 10.5 mol%), but there was only a small decrease in oat (from 27.2 to 24.2 mol%). In both oat and rye, there were only small changes in the proportions of free sterols and sterol derivatives during cold acclimation. Consequently, the proportions of both acylated sterylglucosides and cerebrosides remained substantially higher in oat than in rye after cold acclimation. l h e relationship between these differences in the plasma membrane lipid composition of oat and rye and their freezing tolerance is presented.

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Comparison of the Lipid Composition of Oat Root and Coleoptile Plasma Membranes

Cited by 47 publications

References 27 publications

Lipids of Plasma Membranes Prepared from Oat Root Cells

Lipids of Plasma Membranes Prepared from Oat Root Cells

Mechanism for the Activation of Plasma Membrane H⁺-ATPase from Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Culture Cells by Molecular Species of a Phospholipid

A Contrast of the Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition of Oat and Rye Leaves in Relation to Freezing Tolerance

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Comparison of the Lipid Composition of Oat Root and Coleoptile Plasma Membranes

Cited by 47 publications

References 27 publications

Lipids of Plasma Membranes Prepared from Oat Root Cells

Lipids of Plasma Membranes Prepared from Oat Root Cells

Mechanism for the Activation of Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase from Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Culture Cells by Molecular Species of a Phospholipid

A Contrast of the Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition of Oat and Rye Leaves in Relation to Freezing Tolerance

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Mechanism for the Activation of Plasma Membrane H⁺-ATPase from Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Culture Cells by Molecular Species of a Phospholipid