Comparison of the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of barriers regarding adverse drug reaction reporting between pharmacy and medical students in Pakistan

Khan, Muhammad Umair; Ahmad, Akram; Ejaz, Areeba; Rizvi, Syed Ata; Sardar, Ayesha; Hussain, Kazim; Zaffar, Tayyaba; Jamshed, Shazia Qasim

doi:10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.28

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results reinforce the results of previous studies conducted internationally (outside Saudi Arabia) involving pharmacy students. [26][27][28] The present study results emphasize the importance of providing explicit education and training on reporting ADRs to pharmacists at both undergraduate and professional levels. Previous studies aimed at investigating the extent of pharmacovigilance education provided to medical and pharmacy students suggested need for more time to be spent on pharmacovigilance education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Our study builds on previous international studies highlighting the need to strengthen knowledge and skills related to ADR detection and reporting in pharmacy curriculum. [25][26][27][28] It highlights wide knowledge gaps about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting among senior pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia. This calls for a thorough review of national pharmacy curriculum involving all stakeholders with an aim to improve knowledge and skills required to detect and report ADRs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings are consistent with the findings of other studies for healthcare professionals. 27,35 Importantly, majority (79.9%) of the students considered reporting ADRs as their moral obligation and expressed a positive attitude toward pharmacovigilance and the importance of reporting ADRs. Furthermore, there was a major consensus (79.1%) among the students that pharmacovigilance should be included as a core topic in the curriculum of pharmacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25][26][27][28] Although Arabic is the national language of Saudi Arabia, the questionnaire was developed in the English language as it is the official medium of instruction at all pharmacy schools across the Kingdom. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was undertaken by two experienced pharmacy academics (one Assistant Professor and one Professor) and two senior pharmacy students.…”

Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Internationally a number of studies have been conducted to evaluate pharmacy students' awareness about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. [25][26][27][28] However, no national study has been conducted in Saudi Arabia assessing pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes and readiness towards ADR reporting. The present study was designed to evaluate Saudi pharmacy students' knowledge, attitude and readiness towards ADR reporting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspective of Saudi undergraduate pharmacy students on pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting: A National Survey

Alkayyal

Cheema

Hadi

2017

Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning

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Objective: To evaluate Saudi undergraduate pharmacy students' knowledge, attitude and readiness towards pharmacovigilance and reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 15, 2016 and February 18, 2016 using a structured, validated and pilot-tested questionnaire among senior (year 4, 5 and 6) undergraduate pharmacy students enrolled at a governmental or private university/college. Students completed an online 27-item questionnaire developed using Google Forms™. The questionnaire consisted of four sections:demographics; knowledge about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting; attitudes towards ADR reporting;and pharmacy students' readiness towards ADR reporting. Results:Two hundred and fifty-nine students completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were females (n = 174, 67.2%) and were year 4 (n = 128, 49.4%) students. Out of a total possible score of seven, the mean knowledge score (SD) was 4.15 (1.1). Multiple linear regression showed that after adjusting for gender and program of study (BPharm/PharmD), year of the study was found to be an independent predictor (P =0.03) of the total knowledge score. More than half of the respondents (n = 166, 64.1%) acknowledged that they do not know how to report ADRs to the relevant authorities in Saudi Arabia. The majority (n = 213, 82.2%) of respondents believed that information on how to report ADRs should be taught to senior pharmacy students. Conclusion:This study highlighted wide knowledge gaps about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting among senior pharmacy students. There is a clear need to put more emphasis on theoretical and experiential aspects of ADR reporting in pharmacy curriculum. Keywords:Pharmacovigilance; Adverse drug reaction, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacy; Curriculum; Pharmacist Conflict of interest: None declaredFinancial disclosure: No funding was obtained from any governmental or private agency for this study. 2 Specific Contribution to Literature:This study further builds on existing evidence highlighting the issue of deficiencies in pharmacy undergraduate curriculum pertaining to pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting, especially in countries where patient-centered pharmacist role has not yet fully evolved. This is the first study that has assessed pharmacy students' knowledge, attitudes and readiness towards ADR reporting in Saudi Arabia. Our findings can partly explain poor ADR reporting practices by pharmacists reported by previously conducted studies in Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study has tested the feasibility of using web-based social media applications in recruiting participants for academic research. We have shown that recruitment through social media is possible, efficient and economical. We hope that future researchers will use this approach for recruitment especially in instances where participants are widely distributed geographically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Questionnaire Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspective of Saudi undergraduate pharmacy students on pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting: A National Survey

Alkayyal

Cheema

Hadi

2017

Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning

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Pharmacy Practice and Policy Research in Pakistan: A Review of Literature Between 2014 and 2019

Malik

Atif

Scahill

et al. 2020

Global Pharmaceutical Policy

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translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Urgent need to modernize pharmacovigilance education in healthcare curricula: review of the literature

Reumerman

Tichelaar

Piersma

et al. 2018

Eur J Clin Pharmacol

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ObjectivesPharmacovigilance education is essential since adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a serious health problem and contribute to unnecessary patient burden and hospital admissions. Healthcare professionals have little awareness of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting, and only few educational interventions had durable effects on this awareness. Our future healthcare providers should therefore acquire an adequate set of pharmacovigilance competencies to rationally prescribe, distribute, and monitor drugs. We investigated the pharmacovigilance and ADR-reporting competencies of healthcare students to identify educational interventions that are effective in promoting pharmacovigilance.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases were searched using the terms “pharmacovigilance,” “students,” and “education.”.ResultsTwenty-five cross-sectional and 14 intervention studies describing mostly medical and pharmacy students were included. Intentions and attitudes on ADR reporting were overall positive, although most students felt inadequately prepared, missed the training on this topic, and lacked basic knowledge. Although nearly all students observed ADRs during clinical rounds, only a few had actually been involved in reporting an ADR. Educational interventions were predominately lectures, sometimes accompanied by small interactive working groups. Most interventions resulted in a direct increase in knowledge with an unknown long-term effect. Real-life learning initiatives have shown that healthcare students are capable of contributing to patient care while increasing their ADR-reporting skills and knowledge.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to improve and innovate current pharmacovigilance education for undergraduate healthcare students. By offering real-life pharmacovigilance training, students will increase their knowledge and awareness but can also assist current healthcare professionals to meet their pharmacovigilance obligations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00228-018-2500-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Comparison of the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of barriers regarding adverse drug reaction reporting between pharmacy and medical students in Pakistan

Cited by 26 publications

References 6 publications

Perspective of Saudi undergraduate pharmacy students on pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting: A National Survey

Perspective of Saudi undergraduate pharmacy students on pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting: A National Survey

Pharmacy Practice and Policy Research in Pakistan: A Review of Literature Between 2014 and 2019

Urgent need to modernize pharmacovigilance education in healthcare curricula: review of the literature

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