Comparison of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections

Habtamu, Kassahun; Degarege, Abraham; Ye-Ebiyo, Yemane; Erko, Berhanu

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2011.06.020

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Fourth, a quarter of the schools did not meet the original eligibility criterion of having a water source within 1 KM, though this likely biased our results towards the null by limiting the impact of the hygiene intervention and ability to maintain latrines. Finally, a single stool sample using KatoKatz has been shown to be inaccurate relative to other diagnostic methods, 48 although may have sensitivities of 90% for both A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. 49 This limitation is mitigated by the use of this method for both study arms and that increased detection of low-burden individuals may have biased our results towards the null.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of a School-Based Hygiene, Water Quality and Sanitation Intervention on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

Freeman¹,

Clasen²,

Brooker³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

118

117

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Abstract. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial to assess the impact of a school-based water treatment, hygiene, and sanitation program on reducing infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) after school-based deworming. We assessed infection with STHs at baseline and then at two follow-up rounds 8 and 10 months after deworming. Forty government primary schools in Nyanza Province, Kenya were randomly selected and assigned to intervention or control arms. The intervention reduced reinfection prevalence (odds ratio [OR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31-1.00) and egg count (rate ratio [RR] 0.34, CI 0.15-0.75) of Ascaris lumbricoides. We found no evidence of significant intervention effects on the overall prevalence and intensity of Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, or Schistosoma mansoni reinfection. Provision of school-based sanitation, water quality, and hygiene improvements may reduce reinfection of STHs after school-based deworming, but the magnitude of the effects may be sex-and helminth species-specific.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of a School-Based Hygiene, Water Quality and Sanitation Intervention on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

Freeman¹,

Clasen²,

Brooker³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

118

117

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“…Examples include epidemiological surveys and anthelmintic drug efficacy studies in Zanzibar (Knopp et al 2009b(Knopp et al , 2011, and comparative diagnostic studies in Côte d'Ivoire (Glinz et al 2010), Ethiopia (Habtamu et al 2011), and Kyrgyzstan (Jeandron et al 2011). Moreover, in a recent investigation of intestinal parasites among immigrants in Naples, Italy, it was demonstrated that the FLOTAC was more sensitive than an ethyl acetate-based concentration technique for helminths and intestinal protozoa (Gualdieri et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FLOTAC for the diagnosis of Hymenolepis spp. infection: proof-of-concept and comparing diagnostic accuracy with other methods

et al. 2012

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Hymenolepis nana is the most common cestode parasitizing humans, yet it is under-diagnosed. We determined the optimal flotation solution (FS) for the diagnosis of this intestinal parasite with the FLOTAC method, and compared its diagnostic accuracy with an ether-concentration technique and the Kato-Katz method. Zinc sulphate (specific gravity 1.20) proved to be the best-performing FS. Using this FS, we detected 65 H. nana infections among 234 fixed fecal samples from Tajik and Sahrawi children (prevalence 27.8 %). The ether-concentration technique detected 40 infections (prevalence 17.1 %) in the same samples. Considering the combined results as a reference, the sensitivities of FLOTAC and ether-concentration were 95.6 % and 58.8 %, respectively. The Kato-Katz method resulted in a prevalence of only 8.7 %. In terms of eggs per gram of stool, a significantly (P <0.05) higher value was obtained with the FLOTAC and Kato-Katz techniques compared to ether-concentration. In another study carried out in China, the FLOTAC method detected six Hymenolepis diminuta infections in 302 fecal samples, whereas five samples were found positive with the Kato-Katz technique. We conclude that FLOTAC is an accurate coprodiagnostic technique for H. nana and H. diminuta, two species which join a growing list of intestinal parasites that can be reliably diagnosed by this technique.

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“…The slides were allowed to stand for 2 min before examination under a microscope at 100× magnification with all eggs in the two grids counted (volume ¼ 2 × 0. 15 :30). The results of the precalibration study showed that, based on the clarity of reading and efficiency of bringing STH eggs into flotation, the most accurate diagnosis of STH infection was obtained using FS2 at a 1:25 dilution.…”

Section: Parasitological Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three copromicroscopic methods to assess albendazole efficacy against soil-transmitted helminth infections in school-aged children on Pemba Island

Albonico¹,

Rinaldi²,

Sciascia³

et al. 2013

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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Background: The diagnostic accuracy of three faecal egg count techniques (Kato-Katz, McMaster and FLOTAC) to assess albendazole efficacy against soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections was compared. Methods:The study is registered with Current Controlled Trials [identifier: ISRCTN90088840]. During SeptemberNovember 2009, 304 school-aged children on Pemba Island, Tanzania, were screened and those infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm or Trichuris trichiura were treated with a single dose of albendazole (400 mg). Twenty-one days post-treatment, children provided a single stool sample which was examined using the same diagnostic methods. All stool samples were divided into two aliquots and one was fixed in 5% formalin and examined using FLOTAC and McMaster approximately 6 months after collection.Results: Using fresh stool samples, comparable prevalences were demonstrated for the three methods at baseline (90 -92.2% for T. trichiura, 41.1-52.8% for hookworm, 32.9 -37.2% for A. lumbricoides); FLOTAC was the most sensitive method at baseline and follow-up. Albendazole showed high cure rate (CR) against A. lumbricoides (90 -97%), moderate CR against hookworm (63 -72%) and very low CR against T. trichiura (6 -9%), regardless of the technique used. Egg counts (eggs per gram) at baseline were similar for A. lumbricoides and for hookworm among the three methods, and higher using McMaster and Kato-Katz compared with FLOTAC for T. trichiura. All methods were similar for hookworm and A. lumbricoides egg reduction rate (ERR) estimation, but Kato -Katz indicated a significantly higher ERR than McMaster and FLOTAC for T. trichiura. Preserved stool samples revealed consistently lower FECs at baseline and follow-up for all STHs.Conclusion: Further development and validation of standard protocols for anthelminthic drug efficacy evaluation must be pursued.

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Comparison of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

The Impact of a School-Based Hygiene, Water Quality and Sanitation Intervention on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

The Impact of a School-Based Hygiene, Water Quality and Sanitation Intervention on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

FLOTAC for the diagnosis of Hymenolepis spp. infection: proof-of-concept and comparing diagnostic accuracy with other methods

Comparison of three copromicroscopic methods to assess albendazole efficacy against soil-transmitted helminth infections in school-aged children on Pemba Island

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