Comparison of the incidence of diabetes in United States and Indian youth: An international harmonization of youth diabetes registries

Abstract

Objective Incidence of youth‐onset diabetes in India has not been well described. Comparison of incidence, across diabetes registries, has the potential to inform hypotheses for risk factors. We sought to compare the incidence of diabetes in the U.S.‐based registry of youth onset diabetes (SEARCH) to the Registry of Diabetes with Young Age at Onset (YDR—Chennai and New Delhi regions) in India. Methods We harmonized data from both SEARCH and YDR to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model. Data were from youth registered with incident diabetes (2006‐2012). Denominators were from census and membership data. We calculated diabetes incidence by averaging the total cases across the entire follow‐up period and dividing this by the estimated census population corresponding to the source population for case ascertainment. Incidence was calculated for each of the registries and compared by type and within age and sex categories using a 2‐sided, skew‐corrected inverted score test. Results Incidence of type 1 was higher in SEARCH (21.2 cases/100 000 [95% CI: 19.9, 22.5]) than YDR (4.9 cases/100 000 [95% CI: 4.3, 5.6]). Incidence of type 2 diabetes was also higher in SEARCH (5.9 cases/100 000 [95% CI: 5.3, 6.6] in SEARCH vs 0.5/cases/100 000 [95% CI: 0.3, 0.7] in YDR). The age distribution of incident type 1 diabetes cases was similar across registries, whereas type 2 diabetes incidence was higher at an earlier age in SEARCH. Sex differences existed in SEARCH only, with a higher rate of type 2 diabetes among females. Conclusion The incidence of youth‐onset type 1 and 2 diabetes was significantly different between registries. Additional data are needed to elucidate whether the differences observed represent diagnostic delay, differences in genetic susceptibility, or differences in distribution of risk factors.

Incidence, prevalence and mortality of diabetes in children and adolescents aged under 20 years in the Republic of Maldives

“…The 2018 Maldives T1D incidence rate of 11.0 per 100 000 < 15 years is substantially higher than other reported figures from South Asia: 0.5 per 100 000 for Pakistan, figures of 3.0 and 4.0 for India and 0.96 for Bangladesh, respectively. Similarly, T1D prevalence of 47.1/100 000 for <15 years and 52.0 < 20 years, respectively, observed in our study were higher than the 18.3/100 000 rate in the Indian study …”

The impact of youth‐onset type 2 diabetes on postoperative wound healing complications

“…1 In recent decades, YOT2DM has seen a sharp increase in both incidence and prevalence, a trend which appears to be most severe in the developed world. [2][3][4] This increase presents a considerable burden both for patients and the healthcare system. 5,6 While the cause is undoubtedly multifactorial, it appears to be due in large part to increased rates of childhood obesity, with other contributing factors including genetic predispositions (modulated by obesity), exposure to maternal obesity and diabetes, and exposure to environmental toxins.…”

Transitioning care in youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a scoping review protocol using the socio-ecological model framework

“…In the USA, annual incidence rates of Y-T2DM have increased by 5% per year between 2002 and 20163 and depending on race/ethnicity, the probability of diagnosing Y-T2DM may be as high or higher than the chance of diagnosing Y-T1DM 2 5. Incidence rates of Y-T2DM have also risen sharply in most developed countries4 6–8 and rates are projected to increase more than fivefold over the next 15–30 years 9. Additionally, the natural history of Y-T2DM is distinct between Y-T1DM and Y-T2DM.…”