Comparison of the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 bacteriophage by MIOX, ClorTec and hypochlorite

Clevenger, Thomas E.; Wu, Ying; DeGruson, E.; Brazos, Blaise J.; Banerji, Samir K.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03481.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, it was similar with a study by Cromeans et al (2010) conducted at similar pH but targeting different serotypes (AdV2). As for MS2, a 0.77 mg-min/L of CT value was required for 2 log inactivation, which was comparable with a study by Clevenger et al (2007) at similar experimental condition (pH 7, 22°C). AdV5 was around 23 times more sensitive to chlorination than MS2, based on the inactivation rates.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Microbial Inactivation By Uv Or Chlorinesupporting

confidence: 87%

Inactivation of Viruses by Combination Processes of UV and Chlorine

Rattanakul

Oguma

Sakai

et al. 2014

J. of Wat. ^|^ Envir. Tech.

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Adenoviruses, the most UV resistant microorganism currently known, are posing concerns in UV treated drinking water. To reduce the risk from adenovirus infection, combination processes of UV and chlorination are attractive. Bacteriophage MS2 and adenovirus 5 (AdV5) were used in this study, and inactivated by low-pressure UV (LPUV) lamp, chlorination, sequential processes (UV-Cl 2 and Cl 2 -UV) and a simultaneous process (UV/Cl 2 ). MS2 was more resistant against chlorine than AdV5, and CT values for 2 log reduction of MS2 and AdV5 were 0.77 and 0.033 mg-min/L, respectively. However, AdV5 was more resistant to UV than MS2 and required a 101 mJ/cm 2 of fluence for 2 log reduction. Compared to the application of UV or chlorine separately, an increasing trend of MS2 inactivation rate was found in the sequential processes, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05, ANCOVA). The simultaneous process of UV/Cl 2 for MS2 provided about 2.3 times higher inactivation rate than a summation of inactivation rates by the separate application of either chlorine or UV, even at the same UV fluence rate and the same initial chlorine concentration. The combination processes of UV and chlorine, either sequential or simultaneous application, seemed to be more effective than a standalone process in viral inactivation.

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Section: Results and Discussion Microbial Inactivation By Uv Or Chlorinesupporting

confidence: 87%

Inactivation of Viruses by Combination Processes of UV and Chlorine

Rattanakul

Oguma

Sakai

et al. 2014

J. of Wat. ^|^ Envir. Tech.

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“…However, the bacterial spores are low-sensitive to chlorination and CT values under 100 mg·min/L are unable to get a satisfactory removal. A CT value of 472.8 mg·min/L is required to achieve a 4-log inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores at 22 °C and pH 7 [ 79 ]. The CT value would be 1536 mg·min/L and is not shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Removal Of Viruses By Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The virus removal in UV irradiation, ozonation and chlorination

Kong

Ren

et al. 2021

Water Cycle

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The COVID-19 pandemic draws much attention to virus inactivation since the SARS-CoV-2 was detected in miscellaneous environments and the wastewater can be a potential transmitting pathway. UV irradiation, ozonation and chlorination are widely used disinfection processes in water treatment. In this review, the mechanisms and applications of three disinfection processes are introduced, and their inactivation effects on virus as well as other microorganisms are compared and discussed. The resistance of viruses to UV irradiation is generally stronger than that of bacteria. 4-log inactivation of bacteria can be easily obtained within a UV dose of 10 mJ/cm 2 . However, the doses to reach the same virus removal rate vary greatly from 10 to 140 mJ/cm 2 . The coronaviruses have even stronger UV resistance. Comparatively, ozonation and chlorination are effective methods to inactivate viruses, and the CT values of 4-log removal for most viruses concerned are lower than 1 mg·min/L and 10 mg·min/L, respectively. Protozoa, fungal spores and bacterial spores are more resistant to disinfection. Temperature, pH, organic matters, turbidity and other parameters all have influences on the disinfection. With a 10 °C decrease in temperature, the CT value required for certain removal rates doubles. Generally low pH promotes disinfection and high pH is against it. In drinking water and wastewater treatment process, the resistance properties of microorganisms and other influence parameters should be taken into consideration when choosing disinfection technologies.

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“…perfringens spores, however the mixed oxidants did not reliably inactivate the C. parvum oocysts (Venczel et al 2004). Clevenger et al (Clevenger et al 2007) compared commercial electrochlorination devices to conventional chlorination and found that the mixed oxidants from the EC devices produced similar results for the disinfection of the bacteriophage MS2 and B. subtilis spores. A study by Son et al (Son et al 2004) found that the mixed oxidants generated from brine using a commercial EC device were 20% to 50% more effective for the disinfection of E. coli and B. subtilis spores at pH 8.2, but at acidic (pH 5.2) and neutral condition the two processes demonstrated similar efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical inactivation of Bacillus spores in drinking water using a quaternary oxide electrode

et al. 2011

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Bacillus spores are resistant to disinfection methods and they represent a potential threat that requires improved methods to ensure water safety. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and B. anthracis Sterne (BA) spores were used to investigate the effectiveness of the electrochemical (EC) disinfection process. We tested the quaternary metal oxide (TiO 2 -Sb 2 O 5 -SnO 2 -RuO 2 ) as the anode material in an EC cell for the inactivation of the spores. The presence of chloride ions at low concentrations was found to be critical for the effective inactivation of BT spores. Active chlorine was produced in-situ by anodic oxidation of chloride in the solutions. Local tap water used as a realistic test solution was found to contain average chloride concentrations of 1.2 mM. High concentrations of active chlorine were generated in the range of 0.35 to 0.5 mM (25 to 35 mg/L) to ensure that the high concentrations of spores were inactivated. We showed that the amount of active chlorine produced in the EC cell can be readily controlled by the operating conditions, including potential, flow rate and chloride content. Scanning electron images of the EC treated spores indicate damage to the outer

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Comparison of the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores and MS2 bacteriophage by MIOX, ClorTec and hypochlorite

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Inactivation of Viruses by Combination Processes of UV and Chlorine

Inactivation of Viruses by Combination Processes of UV and Chlorine

The virus removal in UV irradiation, ozonation and chlorination

Electrochemical inactivation of Bacillus spores in drinking water using a quaternary oxide electrode

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