Comparison of the Immunogenicity and Safety of Two Pediatric TBE Vaccines Based on the Far Eastern and European Virus Subtypes

Vorovitch, Mikhail F.; Майкова, Г. Б.; Chernokhaeva, Liubov L.; Romanenko, Victor; Karganova, Galina G.; Ишмухаметов, А. А.

doi:10.1155/2019/5323428

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Available TBEV vaccines were developed over 30 yr ago and consist of inactivated virus grown on chick embryo cells. Vaccination is TBEV specific, requires priming and two boosts, and results in 90-100% seroconversion depending on the vaccine used (Loew-Baselli et al, 2009;Maikova et al, 2019;Vorovitch et al, 2019). Additional boosts are recommended every 3-5 yr for the lifetime of the individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad and potent neutralizing human antibodies to tick-borne flaviviruses protect mice from disease

Agudelo

Palus

Keeffe

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging human pathogen that causes potentially fatal disease with no specific treatment. Mouse monoclonal antibodies are protective against TBEV, but little is known about the human antibody response to infection. Here, we report on the human neutralizing antibody response to TBEV in a cohort of infected and vaccinated individuals. Expanded clones of memory B cells expressed closely related anti-envelope domain III (EDIII) antibodies in both groups of volunteers. However, the most potent neutralizing antibodies, with IC50s below 1 ng/ml, were found only in individuals who recovered from natural infection. These antibodies also neutralized other tick-borne flaviviruses, including Langat, louping ill, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur forest disease, and Powassan viruses. Structural analysis revealed a conserved epitope near the lateral ridge of EDIII adjoining the EDI–EDIII hinge region. Prophylactic or early therapeutic antibody administration was effective at low doses in mice that were lethally infected with TBEV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad and potent neutralizing human antibodies to tick-borne flaviviruses protect mice from disease

Agudelo

Palus

Keeffe

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…In general, European and Russian TBEV vaccines are considered safe and well tolerated. However, mild to moderate systemic and local adverse effects, such as fever, headache or redness and swelling at the injection site, can appear both in children and adults [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Currently Available Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All TBEV vaccines are highly immunogenic with high and fast seroconversion rates ranging from 86–100%, depending on the TBEV vaccine, evaluation method and study design. Various studies showed seropositivity levels of 99.1–100% for the European vaccines after complete primary immunization [ 49 ], 100% for the Russian vaccines after two immunizations [ 51 , 52 ] and 86–96% for the Chinese vaccine after two vaccinations (reviewed in [ 37 , 53 ]). In general, waning of the vaccine-induced immunity over time has been reported in several studies [ 49 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Currently Available Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise

et al. 2020

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Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, is one of the most important tick-transmitted viruses in Europe and Asia. Being a neurotropic virus, TBEV causes infection of the central nervous system, leading to various (permanent) neurological disorders summarized as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The incidence of TBE cases has increased due to the expansion of TBEV and its vectors. Since antiviral treatment is lacking, vaccination against TBEV is the most important protective measure. However, vaccination coverage is relatively low and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines is limited, which may account for the vaccine failures that are observed. Understanding the TBEV-specific correlates of protection is of pivotal importance for developing novel and improved TBEV vaccines. For affording robust protection against infection and development of TBE, vaccines should induce both humoral and cellular immunity. In this review, the adaptive immunity induced upon TBEV infection and vaccination as well as novel approaches to produce improved TBEV vaccines are discussed.

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“…In the Russian Federation, more than 60 million people live in TBE-endemic regions and 2000-3000 cases of the disease are registered annually. 3 Prophylactic vaccination is the most effective form of protection against TBE. Currently on the market, there are six inactivated TBE vaccines based on the European and Far Eastern TBEV strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Russian Federation, more than 60 million people live in TBE-endemic regions and 2000–3000 cases of the disease are registered annually. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evervac: phase I/II study of immunogenicity and safety of a new adjuvant-free TBE vaccine cultivated in Vero cell culture

Vorovitch

Grishina

Volok

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Approximately 10,000 cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a serious disease of the central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), are registered worldwide every year. Vaccination against TBE remains the most essential measure of preventing the disease. Unlike available TBE vaccines, a new inactivated lyophilized candidate vaccine Evervac is produced in Vero continuous cell culture and its final formulation does not include aluminum-based adjuvants. To study the safety and immunogenicity of Evervac, healthy adults 18-60 y of age were immunized twice at 30-d intervals. The study was singleblind, randomized, comparative, controlled, and was conducted in TBE-endemic areas. The commercial lyophilized vaccine TBE-Moscow was used as a comparison treatment. The subjects were observed for incidence, severity, and duration of adverse reactions. It was shown that the severity of local and systemic reactions in the Evervac vaccine group was mild to moderate. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions between the Evervac and TBE-Moscow vaccine groups. Immunization with Evervac produced a significant increase in geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-TBEV antibodies in both initially seronegative and seropositive recipients. The seroconversion rate for the initially seronegative recipients was 69% (GMT = 1:214) after the first dose and reached 100% after the second dose. In these parameters, there were no significant differences between the study and control vaccine groups. Thus, the adjuvant-free Vero-based vaccine Evervac was well tolerated, had low reactogenicity, induced a pronounced immune response, and was overall non-inferior to the commercial adjuvanted TBE vaccine used as a control.

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Comparison of the Immunogenicity and Safety of Two Pediatric TBE Vaccines Based on the Far Eastern and European Virus Subtypes

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Broad and potent neutralizing human antibodies to tick-borne flaviviruses protect mice from disease

Broad and potent neutralizing human antibodies to tick-borne flaviviruses protect mice from disease

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Quest for Better Vaccines against a Virus on the Rise

Evervac: phase I/II study of immunogenicity and safety of a new adjuvant-free TBE vaccine cultivated in Vero cell culture

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