Comparison of thein vitroanthelmintic effects ofAcacia niloticaandAcacia raddiana

Abstract

Gastrointestinal nematodes are a major threat to small ruminant rearing in the Sahel area, where farmers traditionally use bioactive plants to control these worms, including Acacia nilotica and Acacia raddiana. The main aim of this study was to screen the potential anthelmintic properties of aqueous and acetone extracts of leaves of these two plants based on three in vitro assays: (1) the egg hatch inhibition assay (EHA); (2) the larvae exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) using Haemonchus contortus as a model; and (3) an adult mortality test (AMT) applied on Caenorhabditis elegans. For the EHA, only A. raddiana was effective with IC50 = 1.58 mg/mL for aqueous extract, and IC50 = 0.58 mg/mL for acetonic extract. For the LEIA, all extracts inhibited the exsheathment of larvae compared to the controls, and the aqueous extract of A. nilotica was more larvicidal with IC50 = 0.195 mg/mL. In general, all responses to the substances were dose-dependent and were significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05). For the AMT, the extracts of the two Acacia species were effective but A. raddiana showed greater efficacy with 100% mortality at 2.5 mg/mL and LC50 = 0.84 mg/mL (acetonic extract). The addition of polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP) to the extracts suggested that tannins were responsible for blocking egg eclosion and inducing adult mortality but were not responsible for exsheathment inhibition. These results suggest that the leaves of these Acacia species possess ovicidal and larvicidal activities in vitro against H. contortus, and adulticidal effects against C. elegans.

Anthelmintic activity of plants against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: a review

“…Erica cinera was more active against eggs and L 3 of T. columbriformis than to inhibit the egg hatching and larvae exsheathment of abomasal parasites ( H. contortus and T. circumcinta ) (Moreno-Gonzalo et al ., 2013 a , 2013 b ). The Agave sisalana and Moringa oleifera has greater ovicidal effect while Acacia nilotica and A. raddiana are more active against L 3 of GIN (Botura et al ., 2013; Zabré et al ., 2017; De Medeiros et al ., 2018). These variations can be related with differences in various enzymatic constituents and membrane structures of the species and nematodes' life stages.…”

In-vitro Anthelmintic Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Marrubium vulgare Leaves Against Bovine Digestive Strongyles

“…Recently, Ngaradoum et al (21) showed that methanolic extract of Ziziphus mucronata barks has a significantly (p<0.05) higher activity with an inhibition concentration 50 (IC 50 ) value of 3.9 mg/mL than AE with an IC 50 value of 14.7 mg/mL when tested against Haemonchus contortus egg. In addition, Zabré et al (22) reported that Acacia raddiana is effective with IC 50 =1.58 mg/mL for AE and IC 50 =0.58 mg/mL for acetonic extract for egg hatch inhibition. These differences may be attributed to the used concentration and the composition of plant extracts.…”

Disclosing the Bioactive Metabolites Involved in the in Vitro Anthelmintic Effects of Mediterranean Salt-Tolerant Plants: A Combined Approach Using PVPP and HPLC-ESI-MSn

“…coronopus, which was more active against larvae exsheathment (IC 50 = 94.0 and 212.4 µg mL − 1 ), and inactive towards eggs, of both parasite species, at the maximum concentration tested. Overall, IC 50 results obtained in LEIA are frequently reported as lower than EHA, suggesting that infective L3 larvae are more susceptible than eggs [36,37].…”