Comparison of the gut microbiome composition among individuals with acute or long-standing spinal cord injury vs. able-bodied controls

Li, Jia; Pol, William Van Der; Eraslan, Mualla; McLain, Amie; Çetin, Hatice; Çetin, Barış; Morrow, Casey D.; Carson, Tiffany L.; Yarar‐Fisher, Ceren

doi:10.1080/10790268.2020.1769949

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…When comparing the alpha diversity between groups of participants in the 14 publications, we found that six articles [36,40,41,43,46,48] showed a lower alpha diversity of bacteria in SCI and MS compared to HC, five articles [37,42,45,47,49] showed a comparable alpha diversity, while two articles [39,44] showed a higher alpha diversity. In one article there was no conclusion about alpha diversity [38] (Table 2).…”

Section: Alpha Diversitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The age of most patients and HC was between 30 and 40 years. In the four SCI articles [38][39][40][41], all studies described how long the injury existed. In the MS articles, some described the time since diagnosis but did not correct this for the outcomes.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recruitment of HC was different in every study. In seven studies, there were no specific descriptions of HC recruitment [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. In three studies, HC were recruited from databases (Metabolic Department University Hospital Brussels [46], Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry [37], Brigham and Women's Hospital PhenoGenetic project [47]).…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, family members were recruited [49] and in one study, the participants' proxies were included as HC [46]. In four studies, HC and patients are matched for age [39,42,46,47]. In four studies, they were matched for geographical region [37,46,47,49].…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were also differences in the targeted variable (V) region of the 16 rRNA. Six studies targeted V4 ( [36,38,39,43,46,49]), four studies V3-V4 ( [37,40,41,44]), three studies V3-V5 ( [42,45,47]) and one study targeted V1-V2 ( [48]). All of these methodological differences are big confounders, hampering a detailed comparative gut microbiota analysis between the different studies.…”

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Faecal Microbiota in Patients with Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction and Spinal Cord Injury or Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review

Faber

Stolwijk-Swüste

Ginkel

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) frequently occurs in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and multiple sclerosis (MS) with comparable symptoms and is often difficult to treat. It has been suggested the gut microbiota might influence the course of NBD. We systematically reviewed the literature on the composition of the gut microbiota in SCI and MS, and the possible role of neurogenic bowel function, diet and antibiotic use. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Embase, which retrieved studies on the gut microbiota in SCI and MS. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to assess methodological quality. Results: We retrieved fourteen papers (four on SCI, ten on MS), describing the results of a total of 479 patients. The number of patients per study varied from 13 to 89 with an average of 34. Thirteen papers were observational studies and one study was an intervention study. The studies were case control studies in which the gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The methodological quality of the studies was mostly rated to be moderate. Results of two studies suggested that alpha diversity in chronic SCI patients is lower compared to healthy controls (HC), whereas results from five studies suggest that the alpha diversity of MS patients is similar compared to healthy subjects. The taxonomic changes in MS and SCI studies are diverse. Most studies did not account for possible confounding by diet, antibiotic use and bowel function. Conclusion: Based on these 14 papers, we cannot draw strong conclusions on the composition of the gut microbiota in SCI and MS patients. Putatively, alpha diversity in chronic SCI patients may be lower compared to healthy controls, while in MS patients, alpha diversity may be similar or lower compared to healthy controls. Future studies should provide a more detailed description of clinical characteristics of participants and of diet, antibiotic use and bowel function in order to make valid inferences on changes in gut microbiota and the possible role of diet, antibiotic use and bowel function in those changes.

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Section: Alpha Diversitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Faecal Microbiota in Patients with Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction and Spinal Cord Injury or Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review

Faber

Stolwijk-Swüste

Ginkel

et al. 2021

JCM

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Gut microbiome and neurosurgery: Implications for treatment

Willman

Reddy

et al. 2022

Clinical and Translational Dis

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Introduction: The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the gut-brain axis (GBA), its impact on neurosurgery, and its implications for future treatment. Background: An abundance of research has established the existence of a collection of pathways between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), commonly known as the GBA. Complicating this relationship, the gut microbiome bacterial diversity appears to change with age, antibiotic exposure and a number of external and internal factors. Methods: In this paper, we present the current understanding of the key protective and deleterious roles the gut microbiome plays in the pathogenesis of several common neurosurgical concerns. Results: Specifically, we examine how spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and stroke may cause gut microbial dysbiosis. Furthermore, this link appears to be bidirectional as gut dysbiosis contributes to secondary CNS injury in each of these ailment settings. This toxic cycle may be broken, and the future secondary damage rescued by timely, therapeutic, gut microbiome modification. In addition, a robust gut microbiome appears to improve outcomes in brain tumour treatment. There are several primary routes by which microbiome dysbiosis may be ameliorated, including faecal microbiota transplant, oral probiotics, bacteriophages, genetic modification of gut microbiota and vagus nerve stimulation. Conclusion: The GBA represents an important component of patient care in the field of neurosurgery. Future research may illuminate ideal methods of therapeutic microbiome modulation in distinct pathogenic settings.

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System failure: Systemic inflammation following spinal cord injury

DiSabato,

Marion,

Mifflin

et al. 2023

Eur J Immunol

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects hundreds of thousands of people in the United States, and while some effects of the injury are broadly recognized (deficits to locomotion, fine motor control, and quality of life), the systemic consequences of SCI are less well‐known. The spinal cord regulates systemic immunological and visceral functions, and this control is often disrupted by the injury resulting in viscera including the gut, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and kidneys experiencing local tissue inflammation and physiological dysfunction. The extent of pathology depends on the injury level, severity, and time post‐injury. In this review, we describe immunological and metabolic consequences of SCI across several organs. Since infection and metabolic disorders are primary reasons for reduced lifespan after SCI, it is imperative that research continues to focus on these deleterious aspects of SCI to improve life span and quality of life for individuals with SCI.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Comparison of the gut microbiome composition among individuals with acute or long-standing spinal cord injury vs. able-bodied controls

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Faecal Microbiota in Patients with Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction and Spinal Cord Injury or Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review

Faecal Microbiota in Patients with Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction and Spinal Cord Injury or Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review

Gut microbiome and neurosurgery: Implications for treatment

System failure: Systemic inflammation following spinal cord injury

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